chem 106 test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

acid characteristics

A

H+, low pH, sour, litmus turns red

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2
Q

base characteristics

A

OH-, high pH, bitter, turn litmus blue

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3
Q

strong acids

A

HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3

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4
Q

strong bases

A

alkali metals + hydroxide (e.g., NaOH, KOH)

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5
Q

opposite of strong is

A

negligible

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6
Q

opposite of weak is

A

weak

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7
Q

opposite of negligible is

A

strong

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8
Q

Ka > 1

A

strong acid

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9
Q

Ka < 1

A

weak acid

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10
Q

higher Ka means

A

stronger acid

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11
Q

Kw =

A

[H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10^-14

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12
Q

significant figures inside the log yields # ? outside of the log

A

decimal places
(e.g., -log(1.0x10^-12)=12.00
2 SF => 2 decimal places)

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13
Q

Ka =

A

[H3O+][A-] / [HA]

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14
Q

% ionization

A

change / initial

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15
Q

you can assume x is negligible if

A

x < 5% of the initial (Ka really small means x is probably really small)

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16
Q

anions

A

conjugate bases of some acid (weak acid => weak base, strong acid => negligible base)

17
Q

cations

A

if they contain H+’s, they may be acidic

18
Q

cations from weak bases + CB strong acid will affect pH in this way:

A

lower (NH4Cl)

19
Q

cations from strong bases + CB strong acid will affect pH in this way:

A

no change (NaCl)

20
Q

cations from weak bases + CB weak acid will affect pH in this way:

A

? must tell by Ka and Kb (NH4F)

21
Q

cations from strong bases + CB weak acid will affect pH in this way:

A

increase (NaF)

22
Q

polyprotic acids: if Ka1 > Ka2 by 10^3, ?

A

the second dissociation is negligible

23
Q

common ion effect

A

adding a strong acid to a weak acid solution will increase [H+] and shift equilibrium left

24
Q

buffers

A

solutions that resist change in pH (weak acid and its conjugate base - e.g., HOAc and OAc-)

25
How to recalculate [HX] and [X-] after addition of strong acid
strong acid will use up [X-] to form more [HX], so subtract from the base and add to the acid
26
How to recalculate [HX] and [X-] after addition of strong base
strong base will use up [HX] to form more [X-], so subtract from the acid and add to the base
27
pH of blood
7.35-7.45
28
3 factors that shift HbH+ + O2 HbO2 + H+ to the left
1. consumption of O2 in muscle 2. increase in body temp. 3. CO2 and lactic acid generated by metabolism
29
titrations
known concentration of base is added to an acid of unknown concentration or strength to determine concentration or strength
30
equivalence point
[acid] = [base]
31
4 zones to graph titration curve
1. initial pH 2. before equivalence point 3. at equivalence point 4. after equivalence point
32
how to calculate initial pH if acid is in the flask
pH = -log[strong acid]
33
how to calculate pH before equivalence point if acid is in the flask
pH = -log[(mol acid - mol base) / (volume acid + volume base)]
34
how to calculate pH at the equivalence point
pH = 7
35
how to calculate pH after the equivalence point if acid began in the flask
pH = 14 - (-log[(mol base - mol acid) / (volume base + volume acid)])