Chem 103 exam 4 Flashcards by Shivani Sachdeva

Which usually forms a covalent bond with an amino acids’ side chain in the active site of the enzyme?
A) competitive reversible inhibition
B) non-competitive reversible inhibition
C) irreversible inhibition
D) not an inhibition

Irreversible inhibition

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Which inhibition can be reversed by adding excess of the substrate?
A) competitive reversible inhibition
B) non-competitive reversible inhibition
C) irreversible inhibition
D) not an inhibition

Competitive reversible inhibition

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In which inhibition does the inhibitor resemble the substrate?
A) competitive reversible inhibition
B) non-competitive reversible inhibition
C) irreversible inhibition
D) not an inhibition

Competitive reversible inhibition

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Inhibitor binds to enzyme at different site than substrate, but it can be removed
A) competitive reversible inhibition
B) non-competitive reversible inhibition
C) irreversible inhibition
D) not an inhibition

non-competitive inhibitor

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An example is ethanol as an antidote for methanol poisoning
A) competitive reversible inhibition
B) non-competitive reversible inhibition
C) irreversible inhibition
D) not an inhibition

Competitive reversible inhibition

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Allosteric enzyme inhibitors are examples of what type of inhibition?
A) competitive reversible inhibition
B) non-competitive reversible inhibition
C) irreversible inhibition
D) not an inhibition

non-competitive reversible inhibition

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Question #7 on exam 4

D) graph I = Temp, graph II = substrate conc., graph III = enzyme conc.

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Which pairing is NOT correct?
A) kinase - transferase
B) decarboxylase - ligase
C) mutase - isomerase
D) synthetase - ligase
E) All answers are correct

B) decarboxylase - ligase

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Which is true of pepsin?
A) It is a peptidase
B) Its optimum pH range is the same as most enzymes
C) Stomach acid catalyzes the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin
D) all are true
E) A and C

E) A and C;
A) It is a peptidase
C) Stomach acid catalyzes the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin

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What type of enzyme would be synthesized first as a zymogen?
A) carbohydrate digesting enzymes
B) protein digesting enzymes
C) blood clotting enzymes
D) A, B, and C
E) B and C

E) B and C
B) protein digesting enzymes
C) blood clotting enzymes

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What factors affect the activity OF ALL ENZYMES?
A) substrate saturation
B) genetic control to increase the concentration of the enzyme
C) temperature
D) A,B, and C
E) A and B

D) A,B, and C
A) substrate saturation
B) genetic control to increase the concentration of the enzyme
C) temperature

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What type of bond can hold a substrate to the active site of an enzyme?
A) amide bond
B) disulfide bond
C) salt bridge
D) A,B, and C
E) A and B

C) salt bridge

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Which is true of cofactors?
A) without it’s cofactor the enzyme is not
active.
B) Many coenzymes are made from vitamins
C) Cofactors can be metal ions
D) A, B and C
E) A and B

D) A, B and C
A) without it’s cofactor the enzyme is not
active.
B) Many coenzymes are made from vitamins
C) Cofactors can be metal ions

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which of the following has physiological activity (without adding any other group ) ?
A) holoenzyme
B) apoenzyme
C) proenzyme
D) coenzyme
E) A and B

A) holoenzyme

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Which is true of a Zymogen ?
A) It’s other name is proenzyme
B) It is synthesized with more amino acids than the active enzyme
C) Its active site is block by several amino acids
D) A, B and C
E) A and B

D) A, B and C
A ) It’s other name is proenzyme
B) It is synthesized with more amino acids than the active enzyme
C) Its active site is block by several amino acids.

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which is true about denaturing an enzyme ?
A) Severe pH changes will cause permanant denaturing
B) Severe temperature changes will cause permanant denaturing
C) Heavy metals can denature an
enzyme
D) A, B and C
E) A and C

E) A and C
A) Severe pH changes will cause permanant denaturing
C) Heary metals can denature an enzyme

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which is true about denaturing an enzyme?
A) The primary structure is usually effected by denaturing
B) Denaturing is ALWAYS Permanant
C) Denaturing affects globular proteins more than fibrous proteins
D) A, B and C,
E ) A and B

C) Denaturing affects globular proteins more than fibrous proteins

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which of the following statements are
true concerning enzymes versus hormones?
A) Enzymes and hormones are all proteins
B) No hormone can enter a cell directly
C) Enzymes are used in the cells where they are made
D) A, B and C
E) A and C

C) Enzymes are used in the cells where
they are made

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which is true concerning Trypsinogen and Tripsin?
A) Trypsin is a protein while trypsinogen is not
B) Trypsin is a larger protein than Trypsinogen
C) Trypsin has catalytic ability while Trypsinogen does not
D) Both catalytic ability but not for the same Substrate
E) B and D

C) Trypsin has catalytic ability while trypsinogen does not

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Which is true of blood clotting mechanism?
A) Blood senum has fibrinogen while blood plasma does not
B) The actual clot is a protein called fibrin
C) plasminogen is the active enzyme that will destroy the clot when not needed
D)A and B
E) B and C

B) The actual clot is a protein called fibrin

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What is true of acetylcholine?
A) It contains an ester linkage
B) It is a neurotransmiter
C) A molecule that blocks its receptor site can be used as a muscle relaxant
D) A, B and C
E) A and B

D) A, B and C

A) It contains an ester linkage
B) It is a neurotransmiter
C) A molecule that blocks its receptor site can be used as a muscle relaxant

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Which is true of acetylcholinesterase?
A) It can convert millions of substrate molecules to product within minutes
B) If permanently inhibited, it can cause over stimulation of muscles, convulsions and death
C) It synthesizes acetylcholine from acetic acid and choline
D) A, B and C
E) A and B

E) A and B
A) It can convert millions of substrate molecules to product within minutes
B) If permanently inhibited, it can cause over stimulation of muscles, convulsions and death

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Which is true of digestion?
A) lt is done at the cellular level
B) It is mainly oxidation reactions
C) It is mainly hydrolysis reactions
D) A and B
E) A and C

C) It is mainly hydrolysis reactions

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Which of the following is not stored?
A) amino acids
B) triglycerides
C) glucose
D) A and B
E) No answer is correct

A) amino acids

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Which product of digestion does not need a protein channel to get into the blood? A) Glucose B) Amino Acids C) Glycerol D) Fatty Acids E) C and D

D) Fatty Acids

Which is true of glycerol? A) It is produced from the digestion of triglyerides B) It is soluble in blood C) All cells can use it for energy D) A, B and C E) A and B

D) A, B and C A) It is produced from the digestion of triglyerides B) It is soluble in blood C) All cells can use it for energy

Which product of digestion is not soluble in blood? A) Glucose B) amino acids C) fatty acids D) B and C E) no answer is correct

C) fatty acids

Which is true of diabetes? A) In some cases the pancreas does not synthesize enough insulin B) In some cases there is a lack of receptor sites for the insulin molecule on the target cells C) All diabetics need insulin shots D) A, B and C E) A and B

E) A and B A) In some cases the pancreas does not synthesize enough insulin B) In some cases there is a lack of receptor sites for the insulin molecule on the target cells

Which is true of insulin? A) It is a protein B) It needs a protein channel to get into the cell C) too much insulin can cause insulin shock D) A, B and C E) A and C

E) A and C A) It is a protein C) too much insulin can cause insulin shock

Which is true of glycogenolysis? A) It is done in the liver and muscle B) The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the reaction C) Activated by insulin D) A, B and C E) A and B

E) A and B A) It is done in the liver and muscle B) The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the reaction

Which is true of gluconeogenesis? A) Done only in the liver B) Activated by glucagon C) It is inhibited by insulin D) A, B and C E) B and C

D) A, B and C A) Done only in the liver B) Activated by glucagon C) It is inhibited by insulin

What are the possible starting materials for gluconeogenesis A) All amino acids B) lactic acid C) glycerol D) A, B and C E) B and C

E) B and C B) lactic acid C) glycerol

Which is true of glucagon? A) It is protein hormone B) It activates the hydrolysis of glycogen in liver and muscle C) It can slide through a protein channel D) A and B E) A, B and C

A) It is protein hormone

Which processes are activated by insulin? A) gluconeogenesis B) glycogenolysis C) fatty acid synthesis D) B and C E) no answer is correct

C) fatty acid synthesis

Which cells need insulin to facilitate glucose entry? A) muscle cells B) kidney cells C) brain cells D) A, B and C E) A and B

A) muscle cells

What processes are stimulated by epinephrine? A) glycogenolysis in the liver B) glycogen is converted to glucose-1-phosphate in the muscles C) Gluconeogenesis in the liver D) A and B E) A, B and C

E) A, B and C A) glycogenolysis in the liver B) glycogen is converted to glucose-1-phosphate in the muscles C) Gluconeogenesis in the liver

Which is true of the enzyme glycogen synthetase? A) found only in the liver B) found in liver and muscle C) found in only the muscle D) activated when blood sugar is high E) B and D

E) B and D B) found in liver and muscle D) activated when blood sugar is high

What happens when glucagon affects a liver cell? A) It has no affect B) Glucagon enters the cell through protein channels C) Glucagon sits on the outside of the liver cell membrane and turns on the cAMP system D) B and C E) no answer is correct

C) Glucagon sits on the outside of the liver cell membrane and turns on the cAMP system

Muscle cells have no receptor sites for which hormone? A) Glucagon B) Insulin C) epinephrine D) A and B E) A and C

A) Glucagon

What hormone will stimulate glycogenolysis in muscle? A) glucagon B) insulin C) epinephrine D) A and C E) no answer is correct

C) epinephrine

Which is true of the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glycogen? A) The energy needed to synthesize the glycogen comes from breaking the high energy phosphate bond on glucose B) It is done in all cells C) It is done when blood sugar is low D) A and B E) no answer is correct

A) The energy needed to synthesize the glycogen comes from breaking the high energy phosphate bond on glucose

Which of the following can get out of a cell using a protein channel? A) glycogen B) glucose C) glucose-1-phosphate D) A, B and C E) A and B

B) glucose

What hormones use the cAMP system? A) All hormones B) steroid hormones C) only insulin D) most protein hormones

D) most protein hormones

Which processes need a lot of ATP? A) muscle work B) synthesis reactions C) active transport D) A, B and C E) A and B

D) A, B and C A) muscle work B) synthesis reactions C) active transport

Which contains the least amount of chemical energy? A) CH3(CH2)10COOH B) 2 (Look at exam) C) 12 CO2 molecules

C) 12 CO2 molecules

Which contains the highest energy? (All in the mitochondria) A) One NAD B) One NADH C) One FAD D) One FADH2

B) One NADH

Which of the following reactions are exothermic? A) glycogenesis B) oxidation of ethanol to (look on exam) C) Conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate D) A, B and C E) A and B

B) oxidation of ethanol to (look on exam)

Which of the following are endothermic? A) glucose to glycogen B) ADP and Pi  ATP C) hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose D) A and B E) A and C

D) A and B A) glucose to glycogen B) ADP and Pi  ATP

Which is true of glycolysis? A) All cells can do it B) It is done in the cytoplasm C) It can be done in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions D) A, B and C E) A and B

D) A, B and C A) All cells can do it B) It is done in the cytoplasm C) It can be done in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions

What is the starting point of glycolysis for a brain cell? A) glucose (from blood sugar) B) glycogen C) brain does not do not glycolysis

A) glucose (from blood sugar)

What is the starting point of glycolysis for a muscle cell A) glycogen B) blood sugar after its own glycogen is used up C) muscle does not do glycolysis D) A and B

D) A and B A) glycogen B) blood sugar after its own glycogen is used up

Which is true concerning the enzyme phosphatase? A) It converts glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate B) It is found in the liver and muscle C) It converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose D) A, B and C E) B and C

C) It converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose

Which are true of glycogen? A) composed of only glucose molecules B) glycogen in the liver is mainly to help regulate blood sugar for the whole body C) glycogen in the muscle is only for muscle work D) A, B and C E) B and C

D) A, B and C A) composed of only glucose molecules B) glycogen in the liver is mainly to help regulate blood sugar for the whole body C) glycogen in the muscle is only for muscle work

Which of the following is a possible “fate” of pyruvate in the human body? A) conversion to acetyl CoA B) reduction to lactic acid in muscle in aerobic conditions C) reduction to lactic acid in muscle in anaerobic conditions D) A and B E) A and C

E) A and C A) conversion to acetyl CoA C) reduction to lactic acid in muscle in anaerobic conditions

What causes muscle fatigue? A) aerobic oxidation of glucose B) fermentation C) lactic acid formation D) A and C E) B and C

C) lactic acid formation

Which is true concerning muscle converting pyruvic acid to lactic acid? A) The cell needs NADH for glycolysis B) It happens only in anaerobic conditions C) The cell needs to regenerate NAD so it can keep doing glycolysis D) A, B and C E) B and C

E) B and C B) It happens only in anaerobic conditions C) The cell needs to regenerate NAD so it can keep doing glycolysis

What is the purpose of the Cori cycle? A) move pyruvic acid to the muscle B) move lactic acid out of the muscle C) have the liver provide the muscle with “new” glucose D) A, B and C E) B and C

E) B and C B) move lactic acid out of the muscle C) have the liver provide the muscle with “new” glucose

For the enzymes in the control steps in glycolysis, which of the following will deactivate those enzymes? A) ATP B) ADP C) glucose D) A and B E) no answer is correct

A) ATP

What type of enzyme is needed for step 5 in glycolysis? A) isomerase B) dehydrogenase C) kinase D) decarboxylase E) synthetase

A) isomerase

What is the exothermic part of step 6 in glycolysis A) oxidation (using NAD) B) hydrolysis of an ester C) hydrolysis of ATP D) putting on an inorganic phosphate

A) oxidation (using NAD)

What is the endothermic part of step 6 in glycolysis A) oxidation (using NAD) B) hydrolysis of an ester C) hydrolysis of ATP D) putting on an inorganic phosphate

D) putting on an inorganic phosphate

Which is true of fermentation? A) It is done in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions B) It is done only by yeast C) The final product is drinking alcohol D) A, B and C E) B and C

E) B and C B) It is done only by yeast C) The final product is drinking alcohol

What type of enzyme is needed for step 11b in glycolysis for yeast? A) isomerase B) dehydrogenase C) kinase D) decarboxylase E) synthetase

D) decarboxylase

What type of enzyme is needed for step 12 in glycolysis for yeast? A) isomerase B) dehydrogenase C) kinase D) decarboxylase E) synthetase

B) dehydrogenase

(Look at the exam) 65) What type of enzyme is needed for the above reaction? A) isomerase B) dehydrogenase C) kinase D) decarboxylase E) synthetase

C) kinase

(Look at the exam) 66) The enzyme (in the above question) has active sites for what molecules? A) fructose-6-phosphate B) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate C) ATP D) A, B & C E) A & C

E) A & C A) fructose-6-phosphate C) ATP

What is true of the connecting step? (pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA)? A) It is not reversible B) It needs a combination of three enzymes C) It occurs in the cytoplasm D) A and B E) B and C

D) A and B A) It is not reversible B) It needs a combination of three enzymes

What is the endothermic part of the connecting step? (pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA) A)Formation of a thioester bond B) oxidation C) hydrolysis of a thio ester D) A and C E) A, B and C

A)Formation of a thioester bond

What is the exothermic part of the connecting step? (pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA) A) Formation of a thioester bond B) oxidation C) attaching the CoA-SH molecule D) B and C E) A, B and C

B) oxidation

The following is step 3 in the Citric acid cycle. (It is shown as two separate reactions) 70) Which is true concerning reaction 3a (above)? A) The enzyme is a dehydrogenase B) the step is exothermic C) The NADH will be worth energy later in electron transport D) A, B and C E) A and B

D) A, B and C A) The enzyme is a dehydrogenase B) the step is exothermic C) The NADH will be worth energy later in electron transport

The following is step 3 in the Citric acid cycle. (It is shown as two separate reactions) 71) What type of functional group is found in acetyl CoA ? A) alcohol B) thioalcohol C) ester D) thioester E) aldehyde

D) thioester

The following is step 3 in the Citric acid cycle. (It is shown as two separate reactions) 72) What type of functional group is found at the very end of a coenzyme A molecule? A) alcohol B) thioalcohol C) ester D) thioester E) aldehyde

B) thioalcohol

The following is step 4 in the Citric acid cycle. 73) What two other enzymes (besides dehydrogenase) is needed for the reaction? A) Isomerase B) decarboxylase C) synthetase D) A and B E) B and C

E) B and C B) decarboxylase C) synthetase

The following is step 4 in the Citric acid cycle. 74) What is the exothermic part of step 4 (above)? A) The hydrolysis of an ester B) oxidation C) making of a thioester

B) oxidation

The following is step 4 in the Citric acid cycle. 75) What is the endothermic part of step 4 (above)? A) The hydrolysis of an ester B) oxidation C) making of a thioester

C) making of a thioester

The following is step 5 in the Citric acid cycle 76) What is the exothermic part of this step (above)? A) hydrolysis of the thioester B) hydrolysis of GTP C) synthesizing a GTP from GDP & Pi D) there is no exothermic part

A) hydrolysis of the thioester

The following is step 5 in the Citric acid cycle 77) What is the endothermic part of this step? (above) A) hydrolysis of the thioester B) hydrolysis of GTP C) synthesizing GTP from GDP & Pi D) there is no exothermic part

C) synthesizing GTP from GDP & Pi

The following is step 8 in the Citric acid cycle. 78) Which of the following are true concerning this step above? A) The NAD is an oxidizing agent B) The NAD will be worth “energy” later in electron transport C) The reaction is endothermic D) A and B E) A and C

A) The NAD is an oxidizing agent

The following is step 8 in the Citric acid cycle.79) Which is true of the following reaction (Step 6 in Citric acid cycle)? A) The FAD is an oxidizing agent B) The FADH2 will be worth “energy” later in electron transport C) The reaction is exothermic D) A, B and C E) B and C

D) A, B and C A) The FAD is an oxidizing agent B) The FADH2 will be worth “energy” later in electron transport C) The reaction is exothermic

For the following questions use the answers: 80) Where oxidative phosphorylation takes place A) glycolysis B) pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (connecting step) C) Citric acid cycle D) electron transport

D) electron transport

For the following questions use the answers: 81) Which part produces the most CO2? A) glycolysis B) pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (connecting step) C) Citric acid cycle D) electron transport

C) Citric acid cycle

For the following questions use the answers: 82) Actually uses O2 molecules A) glycolysis B) pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (connecting step) C) Citric acid cycle D) electron transport

D) electron transport

For the following questions use the answers: 83) Occurs only in the cytoplasm? A) glycolysis B) pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (connecting step) C) Citric acid cycle D) electron transport

A) glycolysis

For the following questions use the answers: 84) Can occur in anaerobic conditions A) glycolysis B) pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (connecting step) C) Citric acid cycle D) electron transport

A) glycolysis

For the following questions use the answers: 85) Converts FADH2 to FAD A) glycolysis B) pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (connecting step) C) Citric acid cycle D) electron transport

D) electron transport

In the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose the carbons of glucose end up as A) lactic acid B) pyruvic acid C) glucose D) CO2

D) CO2

In the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose (before the electron transport system) the hydrogens of the glucose end up as A) H2 B) H2O C) NADH and FADH2

C) NADH and FADH2

In the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose (after the electron transport system) the hydrogens of the glucose end up as A) H2 B) H2O C) NADH D) FADH2 E) C and D

B) H2O

89) What is the name of the processes described below? Use the answers: A) Gluconeogenesis B) Glycogenolysis C) Glycogenesis D) glycolysis E) fermentation

A) Gluconeogenesis

90) What is the name of the processes described below? Use the answers: A) Gluconeogenesis B) Glycogenolysis C) Glycogenesis D) glycolysis E) fermentation

D) glycolysis

91) What is the name of the processes described below? Use the answers: A) Gluconeogenesis B) Glycogenolysis C) Glycogenesis D) glycolysis E) fermentation

C) Glycogenesis

92) What is the name of the processes described below? Use the answers: A) Gluconeogenesis B) Glycogenolysis C) Glycogenesis D) glycolysis E) fermentation

E) fermentation

93) What is the name of the processes described below? Use the answers: A) Gluconeogenesis B) Glycogenolysis C) Glycogenesis D) glycolysis E) fermentation

B) Glycogenolysis

94) What is the name of the processes described below? Use the answers: A) Gluconeogenesis B) Glycogenolysis C) Glycogenesis D) glycolysis E) fermentation

A) Gluconeogenesis

In aerobic oxidation of glucose, approximately what % of the energy is stored as ATP? A) 2% B) 40% C) almost 95%

B) 40%

In anaerobic oxidation of glucose, approximately what % of the energy is stored as ATP? A) 2% B) 40% C) almost 95%

A) 2%

Why are there so many steps in the metabolism of glucose? (Hint: gummy bear) A) cell needs control of the metabolism B) Too much heat would be produced if only one step C) Cell needs to save some of the energy as ATP D) A, B and C E) B and C

D) A, B and C A) cell needs control of the metabolism B) Too much heat would be produced if only one step C) Cell needs to save some of the energy as ATP

Which are true concerning mitochondria? A) All cells have mitochondria B) All cells have the same number of mitochondria C) A cell can produce more mitochondria if it needs to do more work D) A and C E) A, B and C

C) A cell can produce more mitochondria if it needs to do more work

If there is no oxygen present, which processes can still occur? A) citric acid cycle B) electron transport C) glycolysis D) glycogenolysis E) C and D

E) C and D C) glycolysis D) glycogenolysis

How many CO2 molecules are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 5 glucose molecules in a human cell? A) 0 B) 5 C) 15 D) 30 E) answer not given

A) 0

How many ATPs are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a human cell? A) 0 B) 3 C) 6 D) 12 E) answer not given

C) 6

How many pyruvic acid molecules are produced from 2 sucrose molecules doing only glycolysis (no lactic acid formation) A) 0 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8

E) 8

How many ATP are produced from 2 pyruvic acids in complete aerobic metabolism? A) 0 B) 4 C) 8 D) 24 E) 30

E) 30

Which is true of ketone bodies? A) Made by all cells in times of starvation B) can be used by the brain C) an excess of ketone bodies can lead to acidosis D) A, B and C E) B and C

E) B and C B) can be used by the brain C) an excess of ketone bodies can lead to acidosis

Which is true of ketosis (and acidosis) A) The low pH will affect the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin causing breathing problems B) The kidneys will try to rid the body of the excess acid causing dehydration C) Acetone can be expelled in the lungs causing “acetone breathe” D) A, B and C E) A and B

D) A, B and C A) The low pH will affect the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin causing breathing problems B) The kidneys will try to rid the body of the excess acid causing dehydration C) Acetone can be expelled in the lungs causing “acetone breathe”