chem 1

Question 1

What is the charge of a proton, neutron, and electron? (Respectively)

Answer 1

+1, 0, -1

Question 2

Where are the protons and neutrons located? Where are the electrons located?

Answer 2

P + N = Nucleus
E = Electron Cloud

Question 3

What is the AMU weight of a proton, neutron, and electron? (Respectively)

Answer 3

1, 1, ~0

Question 4

What represents the protons, neutrons, and electrons? (Respectively)

Answer 4

Atomic Number, Mass Number, Ion

Question 5

If Uranium-237 has 92 protons, how many neutrons does it have?

Answer 5

145 neutrons

Question 6

If Bromine-80 has 45 neutrons, how many electrons does it have?

Answer 6

35 electrons

Question 7

If an isotope of Silicon has 14 protons and 13 neutrons, what is the isotope symbol?

Answer 7

Si-27

Question 8

The atomic mass of an element is…

Answer 8

The weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of the element

Question 9

The mass number of an element is the…

Answer 9

Sum of protons and neutrons

Question 10

The atomic number of an element is the number of…

Answer 10

Protons

Question 11

An element is identified by the number of _______ it has in the ______

Answer 11

protons, nucleus

Question 12

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 12

Subtract the Atomic Number from the Mass Number

Question 13

What is the equation for calculating atomic mass?

Answer 13

(m1 * p1) + (m2 * p2) + (m3 * p3) …

Question 14

Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of _______ equals the number of _______

Answer 14

protons, electrons

Question 15

Isotopes are…

Answer 15

Forms of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons (Different mass number)

Question 16

List the radioactive decay in order of penetrating power (Weakest –> Strongest)

Answer 16

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Question 17

What is the primary cause of radioactive decay?

Answer 17

A large, unstabilized nucleus, or an unbalanced ratio of protons to neutrons

Question 18

What subatomic particle stabilizes the nucleus?

Answer 18

A neutron

Question 19

Why does alpha decay happen and what occurs during it? What can block its radiation?

Answer 19

• Alpha decay happens when the nucleus is too big
• The nucleus changes into another element by emitting 2 protons and 2 neutrons (alpha particle, or Helium)
• The mass changes by - 4
• Paper can block its radiation

Question 20

Why does beta decay happen and what occurs during it? What can block its radiation?

Answer 20

• Beta decay happens when there are too many neutrons
• A neutron converts into a proton and ejects an electron
• The mass stays the same but the atomic number changes (+1 proton)
• Aluminum foil can block its radiation

Question 21

Why does gamma decay happen and what occurs during it? What can block its radiation?

Answer 21

• Gamma decay happens when there is an unstable proton to neutron ratio
• Pure energy is ejected rather than a particle
• Lead can block its radiation

Question 22

What is a half-life?

Answer 22

The time it takes for 1/2 of a radioactive element sample to decay to products.

Question 23

If a radioactive element with a mass of 218 underwent alpha decay, what would the mass be? Why?

Answer 23

The mass would be 214 because alpha decay ejects 2 protons and 2 neutrons

Question 24

If a radioactive element with a mass of 214 underwent beta decay, what would the mass be? Why?

Answer 24

The mass would be 214 because beta decay replaces -1 neutron with +1 proton.