Checkpoint test Flashcards
1
Q
The production of radiographic images as part of the diagnostic pathway.
A
Radiography
2
Q
what sector is radiography
A
allied health
3
Q
3 foundational skills and concepts of radiography:
A
• Technical proficiency
• Patient-centred care
• X-ray image production and quality evaluation
4
Q
Position of the body when the individual is facing the front in the erect position with the arms and legs fully extended.
A
Anatomic Position
5
Q
what is the position of the hands and feet in an Anatomic Position
A
Palms of the hands are facing forward and the feet are together
6
Q
In radiography this position is used as a reference position of the body to describe various different positions
A
Anatomic Position
7
Q
Front part of the body, body part or organ
A
anterior
8
Q
Back part of the body, body part or organ
A
posterior
9
Q
Toward the midline of the body
A
medial
10
Q
Away from the midline of the body
A
lateral
11
Q
Part of a structure close to the source or origin
A
Proximal
12
Q
In the extremities closest to the midline or trunk
A
Proximal
13
Q
Part of a structure further from the source or
origin
A
Distal
14
Q
In the extremities further from the midline or
trunk
A
Distal
15
Q
Toward the head
A
Cranial/cephalic:
16
Q
toward the feet
A
caudal
17
Q
it describes the position of lying directly on your back
A
supine
18
Q
lying face down or on their stomach
A
prone
19
Q
what position is a hand in DP
A
prone
20
Q
Away from the body
A
Abduction
21
Q
Towards the body
A
Adduction
22
Q
to internally rotate
A
Inversion
23
Q
To externally rotate
A
eversion
24
Q
these terms are referencing the midline, and are often used to describe a mechanism of injury, such as the patient slipped off the curb.
A
Inversion and eversion
25
Reduce the angle
Flex
26
To increase the angle
Extend
27
these terms are used to describe the orientation of the body part, with particular reference the direction of the x-ray beam
anteroposterior and posteroanterior
28
It’s enters from anterior then exit posteriorly
Anteroposterior
29
enters posteriorly and exits anteriorly
posteroanterior
30
Movement of the beam from one side (left or right), through the midline, to the other.
lateral
31
An angle between AP and lateral, usually 45 degrees but can be 15, 25, 35, etc…
oblique
32
beam facing the body
oblique
33
position of RPO
the right posterior shoulder articulates with the detector
beam enters anteriorly and exits posteriorly
34
positions that identify the part of the body closest to the detector
RPO, LPO, RAO, LAO
35
are more generalised and describe the orientation of the body with the tube (and thus the passage of the beam through the body) in the oblique position
AP and PA oblique
36
The relationship of the ankle to the knee
distal
37
The relationship of the elbow to the wrist
proximal
38
turning foot medially
inversion
39
Relationship of the spine to sternum (breast bone)
posterior
40
can be used to describe our centring points
particularly important for the symmetrical trunk; chest, abdomen, pelvis, spine
planes of the body
41
used as a reference point
planes of the body
42
a vertical plane through the midline of the body; divides the body into right and left halves
mid-sagittal plane (median)
43
a vertical plane but is not in the midline of the body
sagittal plane
44
what plane is used to divide the mid-clavicular line
sagittal plane
45
any longitudinal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts (ventral and dorsal).
coronal (frontal) plane
46
divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts
mid-coronal plane
47
it is any plane parallel to the mid-coronal or frontal plane
coronal plane
48
any plane passing through the body at right angles to the longitudinal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
horizontal / axial / transverse plane
49
these terms relate only to the position of the body and do not consider the beam direction
Erect, Supine and Prone
50
specifically used to describe the orientation of the body to the table/ bed
Erect, Supine and Prone
51
these terms are only used when referring to bed work
Supine and Prone
52
the term is used to indicate that the upright bucky or an upright imaging plate has been used. It determines the influence of gravity on the body i.e. demonstration of posture in the spine, position of fluid in the lungs or air in the abdomen etc...
erect
53
the most central aspect of the x-ray beam
centre point
54
this is where the vertical and horizontal lines of the collimated field transact
centre point
55
formed by lead leaves within the light beam diaphragm (LBD)
x-ray beam
56
collimation field is also known as ___
field of view
57
It is the limitation of the primary x-ray beam by blade-type diaphragms on the x-ray tube
collimation
58
What happens to the field size when collimation is increased?
The field size decreases
59
shaping the x-ray beam can be described as ___ or ___
shuttering or collimating
60
these factors are optimized to minimize magnification
SID and OID
61
___ must be as small as possible
OID
62
what is OID?
object to image distance
63
what is SID?
source to image distance
64
what is SOD?
source to object distance
65
___ must be as long as possible
SID
66
SID is typically ___ cm for the appendicular skeleton and no greater than ___ cm for any part of the body
100 cm, 200 cm
67
what is the relationship between OID and magnification?
direct relationship - greater OID, greater magnification
68
what is the relationship between SID and magnification?
inverse relationship - greater SID, lower magnification
69
what is the relationship between SOD and magnification?
inverse relationship - greater SOD, lower magnification
70
if you increase SID, you must increase your ___ according to the inverse square law, thus increasing _____
exposure, tube load
71
how to minimize magnification?
decreasing the OID
72
it is the purposeful production of an image larger than the object being studied
magnification
73
how does magnification affect image quality?
it degrades image quality
74
___ depends on the relative distance of the object between the x-ray source (focal spot) and the image receptor
magnification
75
The further from the detector the object is, the more the image is magnified.
True or false?
True
76
What are the factors affecting radiographic exposure?
- mAs and kVp
- time
- SID
- radiographic equipment
77
The ___ is a filament shape that is heated up as the machine charges. In other words, we're putting a bunch of electrons on it.
cathode
78
The ___ is the target (the field of atoms that we will be running electrons through/at)
anode
79
x-ray voltage is measured in ___
kilovoltage or peak kilovoltage (kVp)
80
1 kilovolt = ___ volts
1000 volts
81
what controls the energy of the photons?
kVp
82
___ kVp results in more x-rays being produced
increased or decreased
increased
83
as the kVp increases, the intensity of radiation reaching the image receptor: increases or decreases?
increases
84
how much kvp is used in mammography?
40 kvp
85
how much kvp is used in chest x-ray?
120 kvp
86
what are the usual kvp range used?
40 kvp and 120 kvp
87
what is the relationship between kvp and contrast?
inverse relationship - higher kvp, lower contrast
88
relationship of kvp, contrast, and gray scale
low kvp
high contrast
short gray scale
high kvp
low contrast
long gray scale
89
what is measured in milliamperes?
x-ray tube current
90
what controls the tube current?
mA
91
It determines the quantity of x-ray photons and so affects dose
milliamperes (mA)
92
Increasing either current or time will ___ quantity of radiation?
Increase or decrease
increase
93
refers to the quantity of x-rays produced
mAs
94
when mAs is doubled, the number of electrons striking the tube target is doubled, and therefore the number of x-rays is ___
doubled
95
___ mA, more photons, more x-rays produces, higher density of cover
higher mA
96
time of exposure is measured in ___
secs/millisecs
97
___ = tube current x exposure time
mAs
98
the distance between the source of the x-rays and the detector or image plate
source to image distance (SID)
99
what happens to intensity when x-rays travel through the air?
increase or decrease
decrease
100
the relationship between distance and x-ray energy is expressed in the ___
inverse-square law
101
the size of the x-ray beam at its source from which point the beam diverges
focal spot size
102
it is determined by the size and shape of the electron beam when it strikes the anode
focal spot size
103
it contains predetermined dose values and measures real-time dose during the exposure, then terminating the exposure once a satisfactory dose has been received by the ionization chamber
automatic exposure control (AEC)
104
Is the dose received by the ionization chamber almost identical to that received by the image plate?
yes
105
It determines the dose according to subject density, therefore accurate centering is crucial.
AEC (automatic exposure control)
106
what does AEC affect?
time, therefore mAs
107
It is removable
filters
108
attaches to the tube,
filters
109
impacts beam intensity to achieve uniformity in the image
filters
110
used in images with vast density variation
filters
111
it absorbs scattter radiation
grid
112
Lead strips may be straight or divergent
grid
113
It can cause artefact (grid cutoff)
grid
114
an unclear appearance of an anatomical structure due to radiographic technique or error
artefact
