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Radiographic Imaging I > Checkpoint test > Flashcards

Checkpoint test Flashcards

1
Q

The production of radiographic images as part of the diagnostic pathway.

A

Radiography

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2
Q

what sector is radiography

A

allied health

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3
Q

3 foundational skills and concepts of radiography:

A

• Technical proficiency
• Patient-centred care
• X-ray image production and quality evaluation

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4
Q

Position of the body when the individual is facing the front in the erect position with the arms and legs fully extended.

A

Anatomic Position

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5
Q

what is the position of the hands and feet in an Anatomic Position

A

Palms of the hands are facing forward and the feet are together

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6
Q

In radiography this position is used as a reference position of the body to describe various different positions

A

Anatomic Position

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7
Q

Front part of the body, body part or organ

A

anterior

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8
Q

Back part of the body, body part or organ

A

posterior

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9
Q

Toward the midline of the body

A

medial

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10
Q

Away from the midline of the body

A

lateral

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11
Q

Part of a structure close to the source or origin

A

Proximal

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12
Q

In the extremities closest to the midline or trunk

A

Proximal

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13
Q

Part of a structure further from the source or
origin

A

Distal

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14
Q

In the extremities further from the midline or
trunk

A

Distal

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15
Q

Toward the head

A

Cranial/cephalic:

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16
Q

toward the feet

A

caudal

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17
Q

it describes the position of lying directly on your back

A

supine

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18
Q

lying face down or on their stomach

A

prone

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19
Q

what position is a hand in DP

A

prone

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20
Q

Away from the body

A

Abduction

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21
Q

Towards the body

A

Adduction

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22
Q

to internally rotate

A

Inversion

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23
Q

To externally rotate

A

eversion

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24
Q

these terms are referencing the midline, and are often used to describe a mechanism of injury, such as the patient slipped off the curb.

A

Inversion and eversion

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25
Q

Reduce the angle

A

Flex

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26
Q

To increase the angle

A

Extend

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27
Q

these terms are used to describe the orientation of the body part, with particular reference the direction of the x-ray beam

A

anteroposterior and posteroanterior

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28
Q

It’s enters from anterior then exit posteriorly

A

Anteroposterior

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29
Q

enters posteriorly and exits anteriorly

A

posteroanterior

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30
Q

Movement of the beam from one side (left or right), through the midline, to the other.

A

lateral

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31
Q

An angle between AP and lateral, usually 45 degrees but can be 15, 25, 35, etc…

A

oblique

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32
Q

beam facing the body

A

oblique

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33
Q

position of RPO

A

the right posterior shoulder articulates with the detector
beam enters anteriorly and exits posteriorly

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34
Q

positions that identify the part of the body closest to the detector

A

RPO, LPO, RAO, LAO

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35
Q

are more generalised and describe the orientation of the body with the tube (and thus the passage of the beam through the body) in the oblique position

A

AP and PA oblique

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36
Q

The relationship of the ankle to the knee

A

distal

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37
Q

The relationship of the elbow to the wrist

A

proximal

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38
Q

turning foot medially

A

inversion

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39
Q

Relationship of the spine to sternum (breast bone)

A

posterior

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40
Q

can be used to describe our centring points

particularly important for the symmetrical trunk; chest, abdomen, pelvis, spine

A

planes of the body

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41
Q

used as a reference point

A

planes of the body

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42
Q

a vertical plane through the midline of the body; divides the body into right and left halves

A

mid-sagittal plane (median)

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43
Q

a vertical plane but is not in the midline of the body

A

sagittal plane

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44
Q

what plane is used to divide the mid-clavicular line

A

sagittal plane

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45
Q

any longitudinal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts (ventral and dorsal).

A

coronal (frontal) plane

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46
Q

divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts

A

mid-coronal plane

47
Q

it is any plane parallel to the mid-coronal or frontal plane

A

coronal plane

48
Q

any plane passing through the body at right angles to the longitudinal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

A

horizontal / axial / transverse plane

49
Q

these terms relate only to the position of the body and do not consider the beam direction

A

Erect, Supine and Prone

50
Q

specifically used to describe the orientation of the body to the table/ bed

A

Erect, Supine and Prone

51
Q

these terms are only used when referring to bed work

A

Supine and Prone

52
Q

the term is used to indicate that the upright bucky or an upright imaging plate has been used. It determines the influence of gravity on the body i.e. demonstration of posture in the spine, position of fluid in the lungs or air in the abdomen etc…

A

erect

53
Q

the most central aspect of the x-ray beam

A

centre point

54
Q

this is where the vertical and horizontal lines of the collimated field transact

A

centre point

55
Q

formed by lead leaves within the light beam diaphragm (LBD)

A

x-ray beam

56
Q

collimation field is also known as ___

A

field of view

57
Q

It is the limitation of the primary x-ray beam by blade-type diaphragms on the x-ray tube

A

collimation

58
Q

What happens to the field size when collimation is increased?

A

The field size decreases

59
Q

shaping the x-ray beam can be described as ___ or ___

A

shuttering or collimating

60
Q

these factors are optimized to minimize magnification

A

SID and OID

61
Q

___ must be as small as possible

A

OID

62
Q

what is OID?

A

object to image distance

63
Q

what is SID?

A

source to image distance

64
Q

what is SOD?

A

source to object distance

65
Q

___ must be as long as possible

A

SID

66
Q

SID is typically ___ cm for the appendicular skeleton and no greater than ___ cm for any part of the body

A

100 cm, 200 cm

67
Q

what is the relationship between OID and magnification?

A

direct relationship - greater OID, greater magnification

68
Q

what is the relationship between SID and magnification?

A

inverse relationship - greater SID, lower magnification

69
Q

what is the relationship between SOD and magnification?

A

inverse relationship - greater SOD, lower magnification

70
Q

if you increase SID, you must increase your ___ according to the inverse square law, thus increasing _____

A

exposure, tube load

71
Q

how to minimize magnification?

A

decreasing the OID

72
Q

it is the purposeful production of an image larger than the object being studied

A

magnification

73
Q

how does magnification affect image quality?

A

it degrades image quality

74
Q

___ depends on the relative distance of the object between the x-ray source (focal spot) and the image receptor

A

magnification

75
Q

The further from the detector the object is, the more the image is magnified.

True or false?

A

True

76
Q

What are the factors affecting radiographic exposure?

A
  • mAs and kVp
  • time
  • SID
  • radiographic equipment
77
Q

The ___ is a filament shape that is heated up as the machine charges. In other words, we’re putting a bunch of electrons on it.

A

cathode

78
Q

The ___ is the target (the field of atoms that we will be running electrons through/at)

A

anode

79
Q

x-ray voltage is measured in ___

A

kilovoltage or peak kilovoltage (kVp)

80
Q

1 kilovolt = ___ volts

A

1000 volts

81
Q

what controls the energy of the photons?

A

kVp

82
Q

___ kVp results in more x-rays being produced

increased or decreased

A

increased

83
Q

as the kVp increases, the intensity of radiation reaching the image receptor: increases or decreases?

A

increases

84
Q

how much kvp is used in mammography?

A

40 kvp

85
Q

how much kvp is used in chest x-ray?

A

120 kvp

86
Q

what are the usual kvp range used?

A

40 kvp and 120 kvp

87
Q

what is the relationship between kvp and contrast?

A

inverse relationship - higher kvp, lower contrast

88
Q

relationship of kvp, contrast, and gray scale

A

low kvp
high contrast
short gray scale

high kvp
low contrast
long gray scale

89
Q

what is measured in milliamperes?

A

x-ray tube current

90
Q

what controls the tube current?

A

mA

91
Q

It determines the quantity of x-ray photons and so affects dose

A

milliamperes (mA)

92
Q

Increasing either current or time will ___ quantity of radiation?

Increase or decrease

A

increase

93
Q

refers to the quantity of x-rays produced

A

mAs

94
Q

when mAs is doubled, the number of electrons striking the tube target is doubled, and therefore the number of x-rays is ___

A

doubled

95
Q

___ mA, more photons, more x-rays produces, higher density of cover

A

higher mA

96
Q

time of exposure is measured in ___

A

secs/millisecs

97
Q

___ = tube current x exposure time

A

mAs

98
Q

the distance between the source of the x-rays and the detector or image plate

A

source to image distance (SID)

99
Q

what happens to intensity when x-rays travel through the air?

increase or decrease

A

decrease

100
Q

the relationship between distance and x-ray energy is expressed in the ___

A

inverse-square law

101
Q

the size of the x-ray beam at its source from which point the beam diverges

A

focal spot size

102
Q

it is determined by the size and shape of the electron beam when it strikes the anode

A

focal spot size

103
Q

it contains predetermined dose values and measures real-time dose during the exposure, then terminating the exposure once a satisfactory dose has been received by the ionization chamber

A

automatic exposure control (AEC)

104
Q

Is the dose received by the ionization chamber almost identical to that received by the image plate?

A

yes

105
Q

It determines the dose according to subject density, therefore accurate centering is crucial.

A

AEC (automatic exposure control)

106
Q

what does AEC affect?

A

time, therefore mAs

107
Q

It is removable

A

filters

108
Q

attaches to the tube,

A

filters

109
Q

impacts beam intensity to achieve uniformity in the image

A

filters

110
Q

used in images with vast density variation

A

filters

111
Q

it absorbs scattter radiation

A

grid

112
Q

Lead strips may be straight or divergent

A

grid

113
Q

It can cause artefact (grid cutoff)

A

grid

114
Q

an unclear appearance of an anatomical structure due to radiographic technique or error

A

artefact

Radiographic Imaging I (1 decks)

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