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Adenosine (Adenocard)
Mx
Adenosine transiently blocks conduction through the AV node thereby terminating reentrant tachycardias involving the AV node. It is the drug of choice for AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT, often referred to as “Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia [PSVT]”). It will not terminate dysrhythmias that do not involve the AV node as a reentrant limb (e.g. atrial fibrillation).
Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil, Ventolin) Mx
Albuterol is a selective ß-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a bronchodilator and positive chronotrope.
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Mx
Amiodarone has multiple effects showing Class I, II, III and IV actions with a quick onset. The dominant effect is prolongation of the action potential duration and the refractory period.
Aspirin (ASA)
Mx
Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and blood clotting and is indicated for treatment of acute coronary syndrome in which platelet aggregation is a major component of the pathophysiology. It is also an analgesic and antipyretic.
Atropine Sulfate
Mx
Atropine is an endogenous antimuscarinic, anticholinergic substance. It is the prototypical anticholinergic medication with the following effects:
• Increased heart rate and AV node conduction
• Decreased GI motility
• Urinary retention
• Pupillary dilation (mydriasis)
• Decreased sweat, tear and saliva production (dry skin, dry eyes, dry mouth)
Calcium Gluconate
Mx
• Cardioprotective agent in hyperkalemia.
• 10% calcium gluconate solution contains 1 g calcium gluconate per 10 mL, which is only 90mg of
elemental calcium.
• Doses below refer to dose of calcium gluconate solution, not elemental calcium.
Dextrose 50% (D50)
Mx
Glucose is the body’s basic fuel and is required for cellular metabolism. A sudden drop in blood sugar level will result in disturbances of normal metabolism, manifested clinically as a decrease in mental status, sweating and tachycardia. Further decreases in blood sugar may result in coma, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Serum glucose is regulated by insulin, which stimulates storage of excess glucose from the blood stream, and glucagon, which mobilizes stored glucose into the blood stream.
Diazepam (Valium)
Mx
Benzodiazepine class sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Mx
Diltiazem is an Antiarrhythmic / Calcium Channel Blocker. As such it has the following effects: • Slows conduction through the AV node. • Vasodilation • Decreases rate of ventricular response • Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Mx
Antihistamine for treating histamine-mediated symptoms of allergic reaction. Also Anticholinergic and antiparkinsonian effects used for treating dystonic reactions caused by antiphsychotic and antiemetic medications (e.g.: haloperidol, droperidol, compazine, etc).
Dopamine (Intropin)
Mx
Endogenous catecholamine chemically related to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Increases blood pressure through combination of dopamine, alpha and beta receptor effects leading to increased heart rate, contractility and peripheral vasoconstriction.
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Mx
Endogenous catecholamine alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Causes dose-related increase in heart rate, myocardial contractility and oxygen demand, peripheral vasoconstriction and bronchodilation.
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Mx
Potent synthetic opioid analgesic. Fentanyl is 100 times more potent than morphine.
Furosemide (Lasix)
Mx
Rapid acting, potent loop diuretic; inhibits reabsorption of sodium chloride. It is also a venous dilator that decreases preload and causes venous pooling and subsequent hypotention.
Glucagon
Mx
Increases blood sugar concentration by converting liver glycogen to glucose. Glucagon also causes relaxation of smooth muscles of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, and colon.
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Mx
Haloperidol is a dopamine antagonist antipsychotic medication. Haloperidol produces a dopaminergic blockade, a mild alpha-adrenergic blockade, and causes peripheral vasodilation. Its major actions are sedation and tranquilization.
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Mx
Ipratorpium is a anticholinergic antimuscarinic bronchodilator chemically related to atropine.
Lidocaine 2% solution
Mx
Local anesthetic for relief of pain during intraosseous fluid administration.
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Mx
Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, sedation, and acute seizures or status epilepticus. It has a longer half-life than Diazepam and has a lower lipid solubility, resulting in longer duration of action.
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO₄) Mx
Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. In cardiac patients, it stabilizes the potassium pump, correcting repolarization. It also shortens the Q-T interval in the presence of ventricular arrhythmias due to drug toxicity or electrolyte imbalance. In respiratory patients, it may act as a bronchodilator in acute bronchospasm due to asthma or other bronchospastic diseases. In patients suffering from eclampsia, it controls seizures by blocking neuromuscular transmission and lowers blood pressure as well as decreases cerebral vasospasm.
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Mx
Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist that works by blocking the CNS vomiting chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRT)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Mx
Methylprednisolone is a synthetic steroid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation and may alter the immune response. In addition, it potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta-adrenergic agonists and may alter airway hyperactivity.
Midazolam (Versed)
Mx
Midazolam HCl is a water-soluble short acting benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. It is believed that benzodiazepines exert their effect on the GABA receptor to create anxiolysis, sedation and muscle relaxation.
Morphine Sulfate
Mx
Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic. Morphine causes analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression and complex hemodynamic effects, including hypotension caused by histamine release.
