CHE103:14 Flashcards
Catalyst
A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions.
Enzymes
Catalyst inside organisms; biological catalyst
Substrate
Is the molecule or molecules on which the enzyme acts.
Active site
Is the place on an enzyme where the substrate binds
Lock and Key
The substrate fits exactly into the active site
Induced Fit
The active site can make minor adjustments to accommodate the substrate
Inhibitor
A molecule which interferes with the function of an enzyme, either by slowing or stopping the chemical reaction
Competitive inhibitor
Binds competitively at the active site and blocks the substrate from binding. this causes the enzyme from catalyzing a reaction
Non-Competitive Inhibitor
Does not bind at the active site, it attaches at an allosteric site, which is some other site on the enzyme, and changes the shape of the protein.
Cofactors
Inorganic species
Ex: Zn2+
And
Fe3+
Coenzymes
Are small organic molecules
Ex: vitamin B.
Biotin
Pepsin
Main digestive enzyme in the stomach; pH of 1.5
Trypsin
Digestive enzyme in the small intestine; pH: 8.
Lipids
An organic ( coenzyme ) compound such as fat or oil
Fatty acids
Organic compounds that have the general formula — CH3(CH2)n COOH - carboxylic acid is involved.
N usually ranges from 2-28 and is always an even number
Saturated fatty acids
Carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. The molecule forms a straight chains, they can be packed tight together allowing them to store energy in compact form.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Some carbon atoms are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible due to a presence of one or more double bonds in the carbon chain.
Mono-saturated
Has one double bond in the carbon chain
Polyunsaturated
Has two+ double bonds in the carbon chain.
Triglycerides
The main form of stored energy in animals; an ESTER derived from glycerol combined with fatty acids
These function as long time storage
Phospholipids
The major components of cell membranes. Consists of hydrophilic head— which dissolved in the water, and hydrophobic tail
It’s essentially a triglyceride in which a fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group of some sort
They’re non-polar
Steroids
Serve as chemical messengers and have other roles
