CHE103:14

Question 1

Catalyst

Answer 1

A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions.

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

Catalyst inside organisms; biological catalyst

Question 3

Substrate

Answer 3

Is the molecule or molecules on which the enzyme acts.

Question 4

Active site

Answer 4

Is the place on an enzyme where the substrate binds

Question 5

Lock and Key

Answer 5

The substrate fits exactly into the active site

Question 6

Induced Fit

Answer 6

The active site can make minor adjustments to accommodate the substrate

Question 7

Inhibitor

Answer 7

A molecule which interferes with the function of an enzyme, either by slowing or stopping the chemical reaction

Question 8

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 8

Binds competitively at the active site and blocks the substrate from binding. this causes the enzyme from catalyzing a reaction

Question 9

Non-Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 9

Does not bind at the active site, it attaches at an allosteric site, which is some other site on the enzyme, and changes the shape of the protein.

Question 10

Cofactors

Answer 10

Inorganic species

Ex: Zn2+
And
Fe3+

Question 11

Coenzymes

Answer 11

Are small organic molecules

Ex: vitamin B.
Biotin

Question 12

Pepsin

Answer 12

Main digestive enzyme in the stomach; pH of 1.5

Question 13

Trypsin

Answer 13

Digestive enzyme in the small intestine; pH: 8.

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

An organic ( coenzyme ) compound such as fat or oil

Question 15

Fatty acids

Answer 15

Organic compounds that have the general formula — CH3(CH2)n COOH - carboxylic acid is involved.
N usually ranges from 2-28 and is always an even number

Question 16

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 16

Carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. The molecule forms a straight chains, they can be packed tight together allowing them to store energy in compact form.

Question 17

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 17

Some carbon atoms are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible due to a presence of one or more double bonds in the carbon chain.

Question 18

Mono-saturated

Answer 18

Has one double bond in the carbon chain

Question 19

Polyunsaturated

Answer 19

Has two+ double bonds in the carbon chain.

Question 20

Triglycerides

Answer 20

The main form of stored energy in animals; an ESTER derived from glycerol combined with fatty acids
These function as long time storage

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

The major components of cell membranes. Consists of hydrophilic head— which dissolved in the water, and hydrophobic tail
It’s essentially a triglyceride in which a fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group of some sort
They’re non-polar

Question 22

Steroids

Answer 22

Serve as chemical messengers and have other roles