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Cardiology > CHD > Flashcards

CHD Flashcards

0
Q

Side effects of indomethecin

A 
Decreased renal function
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia
Plt dysfunction/ thrombocytopenia 
GI bleed/NEC
High BP
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1
Q

Side effects of PGE

A 
Fever
Apnea
Flushing
Hypotension
Tachy or bradycardia
Seizures
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2
Q

Right aortic arch

A

Echo

Angio

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3
Q

How do you manage severe PS?

A

PGE

Valvuloplasty

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4
Q

What cardiac lesions are associated with noonan syndrome?

A

Pulmonary stenosis
HOCM
ASD

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5
Q

Reasons for hypoxia post valvuloplasty?

A

RV hypertrophied
Inadequate valvuloplasty
Rv systolic dysfunction
Tricuspid regurg

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6
Q

what cardiac lesion are associated with phenytoin use?

A

ASD
VSD
TOF

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7
Q

what CH lesion is associate with Lithium use?

A

ebstein’s anomaly-displacement of the tricuspid valve towards the apex of the right ventricle

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8
Q

what is the most common cyanotic heart lesion

A

TOF

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9
Q

what can give you a wide pulse pressure

A

PDA
truncus arteriosus
aortic insufficiency
intravascular volume depletion

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10
Q

what can give you a narrow pulse pressure

A

pericardial tamponade
aortic stenosis
heart failure

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11
Q

how do you calculate the pulse pressure

A

sBP - dBP = Normal if less than 50
or
1/2 sBP whichever is less

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12
Q

what cardiac manifestation would you expect in

  1. TS
  2. NF
A
  1. Cardiac rhabdomyoma

2. pulmonary stenosis and CoA

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13
Q

what cardiac manifestation would you expect with Marfan Syndrome

A

aortic and mitral insufficiency - aortic regur, mitral prolapse
aortic root dilation
dissection

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14
Q

cardiac lesion for Digeorge

A

conotruncal - TOF, PA, TA, TGA

aortic arch anomalies

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15
Q

Cardiac lesion for VACTERL

A

VSD

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16
Q

Cardiac lesion for CHARGE

A

TOF
aortic arch
conotruncal issues

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17
Q

Cardiac lesion for congenital rubella

A

PDA
periph pulm stenosis
mitral regurg

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18
Q

Cardiac lesion for Turner’s

A

CoA

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19
Q

Cardiac lesion in Williams

A

supravalvular aortic stenosis

periph pulmonary artery stenosis

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20
Q

Which trisomy will have VSD, ASD, PDA and possible dextrocardia?

A

T13

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21
Q

what is an S4 associated with

A

found in late diastole
always abnormal
implies decreased ventricular compliance

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22
Q

what can give you a mid-systolic click

A

MVP

lesion sounds louder post valsalva

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23
Q

what lesions can give and ejection click

A

AS

PS

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24
Q

what are causes of continuous murmur?

A

PDA
venous hum
CoA with collaterals

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25
Q

Still’s M

A
  1. Vibratory
  2. LLSB
  3. Grade I-III
  4. Decreases in upricght
  5. Age - 3-7
26
Q

Venous Hum M

A
  1. Continuous M
  2. infraclavicular
  3. Worse if standing
  4. Change intensity wit neck move
  5. I-III
  6. 3-6 yrs
27
Q

boot shaped heart?

A

TOF

28
Q

peripheral pulmonary stenosis features

A
  1. newborn to 6 mo
  2. axilla and back/LUSB
  3. low pitch
  4. grade 1-2
29
Q

egg on a string

A

TGA

30
Q

Snowman

A

TAPVR

31
Q

what are the features of TOF

A 
PROVe
Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
Overriding aorta
VSD
32
Q

what types of shunting will give you increased pulm vascularity on CXR?

A

TGA
Truncus
TAPVR

(VSD
ASD
PDA
PS
Coarctation
Left to Right)
33
Q

TET spell mgnt

A
  1. knees to chest
  2. O2
  3. Fluid - 10cc/kg
  4. Morphine - 0.1 mg -
  5. Propranolol - dec HR and contractility
  6. Phenylephrine - alpha agonist - inc SVR
  7. Bicarb to correct acidosis
  8. I+V and sedation
34
Q

what is the MC lesion to present in the newborn?

A

TGA

35
Q

what shunt will give DECREASED pulm vasc on CXR?

A

TOF
tricuspid atresia
Ebstein

usually right to left shunts

36
Q

neonate with cyanosis and resp distress?

A

TGA

37
Q

If you find low pre-ductal sats and high post ductal sats, what lesion could this be?

A

TGA

38
Q

How do you manage TGA initially

A
  1. PGE
  2. Keep stats > 60%
  3. If not enough - Balloon atrial septostomy
  4. Atrial switch and coronary re-implantation between 2-4 week. Can be later if have VSD
39
Q

which cyanotic lesions tends to present without a murmur?

A

TGA
Tricuspic Atresia
TAPVR

40
Q

what lesions need a PDA or VSD or ASD to survive

A

TGA

TA

41
Q

what lesions needs 2 septal defects for survival?

A

Tricuspid atresia
ASD - R to L
VSD - L to right

42
Q

what are the 2 types of complete vascular rings?

A
  1. double aortic arch
  2. right aortic arch with persistent ligamentum arteriosum
    both have right sided aortic arch wich can help with Dx
44
Q

what CHD with present at a few hours of life with cyanosis but no resp distress?

A 
RIGHT HEART OBSTRUCTION
TOF
pulmonary atresia
ebsteins
Tricuspid atresia
45
Q

what lesions will give you increased pulmonary markings

A 
VSD
ASD
PDA
\+/-PS
TGA
truncus
TAPVR
HLHS
46
Q

what lesions can be heard from the back?

A

pulmonary stenosis
PDA
coarctation

47
Q

what sats are expected post BT shunt and post Norwood

A

75-85%

48
Q

who gets a Norwood?

A

Left hypoplastic heart syndrome

49
Q

who gets a BT shunt

A

lesions with inadequate pulmonary blood flow

50
Q

who gets pulmonary artery band?

A

for single ventricles

51
Q

what are the expected sats post Fontan?

A

> 90%

52
Q

what are cyanotic congenital heart disease. 6 T’s and 2 As

A 
TGA
TOF
truncus arteriosus
tricuspid atresia
TAPVC
Tingle ventricle

pulm Atresia
Ebsteins Anomaly

53
Q

what CHD will have higher sats in left toe than right arm?

A

TGA

54
Q

What CHD will have LVH?

A 
Pulmonary atresia
tricuspid atresia
VSD
AS
Coartation
55
Q

what CHD will have RVH?

A

TOF
TGA
TAPVR
hypoplastic L

ASD
PS
VSD if mode to large

56
Q

what are 4 resp causes for neonatal cyanosis?

A 
MAS
PPHN
pneumothorax
pneumonia
CDH
57
Q

what cyanotic heart lesion has BL hypertrophy

A

truncus arteriosus

58
Q

infant of DM, what are the cardiac lesions

A

D TGA
VSD
AS

59
Q

what lesions are associated with right aortic arch

A

TOF
Truncus
single ventricle

60
Q

what lesions will cause CHF at 6 weeks

A

VSF
AV canal
PDA
Coarctation

61
Q

how to distinguish SVT

A 
sudden onset and termination
HR. 180
no variability in HR
Fixed RR
abnormal or no P waves
62
Q

what are 2 SVT mechanisms

A

WPW

AV nodal re-entry

63
Q

what are causes of a wide QRS

A

VT
myocarditis
cardiomyopathy
PVC

Cardiology (3 decks)

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