CHATPTER 1 — PART 1

Question 1

Depending on their size and capacity, rigs can have up to four prime movers delivering power amounting to 3000hp

Answer 1

Power System

Question 2

Electrical power generators found in rigs typically use diesel-powered internal combustion engines called. It is connected to the drawworks, rotary table, and mud pumps

Answer 2

prime movers

Question 3

•a large pulley system used to lower and raise
drillstring, casing, and equipment into and out of the well.

Answer 3

Hoisting System

Question 4

main components of hoisting system:

Answer 4

drilling line
drawworks
crown
block
travelling block
deadline anchor
reserve drum

Question 5

It lifts equipment and drillstrings up and down

Answer 5

Drawworks

Question 6

A wire rope called the ___ is spooled around the drum.

Answer 6

drilling line

Question 7

what runs the drum in the drawworks

Answer 7

Electric motors and gearing system

Question 8

crownblock is where the drilling line is threaded (reeved) over a set of sheaves down to another set of sheaves called a ___

Answer 8

travelling block

Question 9

•an assembly of sheaves (or pulleys) over which the drilling line is reeved

• mounted on beams at the top of the derrick

Answer 9

Crownblock

Question 10

•an arrangement of pulleys through which the drilling line is reeved

• Allows the drillstring to be raised or lowered

•Can have a fixed or a mounted hook

Answer 10

Travelling block

Question 11

•A large hook with a snap-shut locking device suspended from the travelling block

•Used to suspend the drillstring

•May be used to hang the top drive

Answer 11

Drilling Hook

Question 12

•A set of clamps used when running or pulling the drillstring or casing into or out of the hole

•connected to the travelling block.

Answer 12

Elevators

Question 13

proprietary type drill pipe elevator called the ___. Variants can handle pipes from 2 3/8” to 5 7/8”.

Answer 13

Keystone Bottleneck Elevators

Question 14

___ type elevator for handling casings. For instance, the SLX-100 (proprietary) can handle casings from 2 3/8” to 5 ¾”.

Answer 14

Side door

Question 15

• a heavy-duty wire rope made out of six strands of improved plow steel

• 7/8 to 2 inches in diameter

Answer 15

Drilling Line

Question 16

• Part of the drilling line reeled to the drawworks

• travels with greater velocity than any other portion of the line

Answer 16

Fastline

Question 17

• that part of the drilling line between the crown block and the deadline anchor

• remains stationary as the travelling block is hoisted

Answer 17

Deadline

Question 18

• securely fastens the deadline to the mast or derrick substructure

Answer 18

Deadline anchor

Question 19

Selecting the appropriate drilling line tensile strength and the number of times it is reeved through the blocks depend on the load the hoisting system must carry:

Answer 19

Ff = Fd = W/N

Question 20

Companies may use the ___ to identify pulley system efficiency ratings

Answer 20

API RP 9B - Recommended Practice on Application, Care and Use of Wire Rope for Oilfield Services

Question 21

in the hoisting system, the ___ does not wear
uniformly

Answer 21

drilling line

Question 22

the greatest wear on the line happens as it passes around the ___

Answer 22

top of the crownblock sheave while raising the drillstring

Question 23

___ or ___ operation is performed to maintain a competent drilling line for safe operation

Answer 23

Slip or Slip and cut

Question 24

(1) the travelling block is lowered to the drillfloor

(2) the dead line anchor is unclamped

(3) some of the reserve line is threaded through the sheaves on the travelling block and crown block onto the drawworks drum

Answer 24

Slip operation

Question 25

it is done if the drawworks drum is full

Answer 25

Slip and cut operation

Question 26

(1) the travelling block is lowered to the drillfloor (2) the dead line anchor is unclamped (3) the line on the drawworks is unwound and discarded before the reserve line is threaded through the system onto the drawworks drum

Answer 26

Slip and cut operation

Question 27

•Consists of mud pumps, distribution lines, and the mud cleaning and accumulation system; •A closed hydraulic circuit allowing the mud to flow from the surface to the bottom of the hole, inside the drill string, and subsequently back to the surface •Includes series of equipment for removing solids and gases from the mud as it flows from the well back to the active pit before being reinjected into the hole

Answer 27

Circulating System

Question 28

In the circulating system, ___ supply the energy necessary for circulation.

Answer 28

mud pumps

Question 29

located at the start of the circulating system near the mud pumps where drilling fluid is initially prepared, and maintained depending on well bore conditions

Answer 29

Preparation Area

Question 30

In the Circulating System, preparation area contains:

Answer 30

• Steel Mud Tanks/ Mud Pits • Bulk Mud Component Storage/ Mud House/ Sack Room • Bulk Tanks • Mud Mixing Hopper • Reserve Pit • Sand Trap • Settling Tanks • Suction Tanks • Slug Tank • Chemical Tank

Question 31

• specialized equipment for moving the drilling fluid from the preparation area down the borehole and back to the active mud pit

Answer 31

Circulating Equipment

Question 32

Circulating Equipment include:

Answer 32

• Mud Pump • Discharge Line • Standpipe • Rotary Hose/ Kelly Hose • Annulus • Mud Return Line/ Flow

Question 33

Station dedicated for decontaminating and conditioning drilling fluids brought out of the well bore

Answer 33

Conditioning Area

Question 34

Conditioning equipment include:

Answer 34

• Shale Shaker • Desander • Desilter • Degasser

Question 35

A large tank holding DF on the rig or at a mud-mixing plant;

Answer 35

Mud Pit/ Mud Tank

Question 36

Most ___ are of rectangular steel construction, with partitions holding up to 200 barrels each. They are set in series for the active mud system

Answer 36

land rig mud pits

Question 37

Most ___ are larger and constructed into the drilling vessel holding up to 1000 barrels

Answer 37

offshore pits

Question 38

___ are used at mixing plants and on some drilling rigs to improve mixing efficiency and reduce dead spots that allow settling

Answer 38

Circular pits

Question 39

___ were the earliest type of mud pit, but environmental protection concern has led to less frequent use of open pits in the ground.

Answer 39

Earthen mud pits

Question 40

• Any pit not part of the active (circulatory) system. • It may be used to store spare or waste mud, base oil or brine. • In operations on land, it is usually a plastic-lined, earthen pit, in which waste mud is stored until final disposal.

Answer 40

Reserve Mud Pit/ Mud Tank

Question 41

• A mud-flow device for funneling materials are put into the circulating mud system • Powered by a centrifugal pump that moves the mud at high velocity through a venturi nozzle (jet) below the conical-shaped hopper

Answer 41

Mud Mixing Hopper/ Mud Hopper/ Jet Hopper

Question 42

In the preparation area, ___ are added through the mud hopper to provide dispersion, rapid hydration, and uniform mixing

Answer 42

Dry materials

Question 43

___ are sometimes fed into the mud by a hose placed in the hopper.

Answer 43

Liquids

Question 44

• a drilling mud filled open steel or earthen berm tank that is not stirred or circulated • Somewhat cleans mud by letting it pass slowly and allowing solids to settle • A major drawback to this type of "cleaning" is that solids intentionally put into the mud, such as barite, may settle to the bottom and be discarded rather than circulated back into the wellbore.

Answer 44

Settling Tank/ Settling Pit

Question 45

• A small pit, typically located immediately after the shaker screens, which is used as a settling pit to separate coarser solids that accidentally bypass the shakers • Mud enters the pit at one side and exits via an overflow at the other • They are dumped periodically to remove the settled solids, or alternatively the contents can be processed over a fine screen or with a centrifuge.

Answer 45

Sand Trap

Question 46

• Small compartment, normally adjacent to the suction compartment, used to mix special fluids to pump downhole • Most commonly used to prepare a small volume of weighted drilling fluid before a drillstem trip in and out of the borehole.

Answer 46

Slug Tank

Question 47

• Used for mixing special chemicals like caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) before it is placed in the active mud tank

Answer 47

Chemical Tank

Question 48

Positive displacement type pumps are used (reciprocating pistons) to deliver the high volumes and high pressures required to circulate mud through the drillstring and up the annulus

Answer 48

Mud Pumps

Question 49

double acting mud pump

Answer 49

Duplex (2 cylinders)

Question 50

single acting mud pump

Answer 50

Triplex (3 cylinders)

Question 51

At shallow depths, mud pumps are usually connected in parallel to deliver ___

Answer 51

high flow rates

Question 52

As the well goes deeper the pumps may act in series to provide ___

Answer 52

high pressure and lower flowrates

Question 53

Single-acting pumps or ___, discharge on either the forward or return stroke of the piston or plunger; every cycle of the pump displaces only one volume of liquid.

Answer 53

Triplex pump

Question 54

In double-acting pumps or ___, liquid is discharged on both the forward and return stroke of the piston.

Answer 54

Duplex pumps

Question 55

Plunger pumps are only ___

Answer 55

single-acting

Question 56

___ can be either single- or double-acting

Answer 56

piston pumps

Question 57

Triplex pumps are generally used in ___

Answer 57

offshore rigs

Question 58

duplex pumps are generally used in ___

Answer 58

land rigs

Question 59

Duplex pumps have ___ and are double-acting (i.e. pump on the up-stroke and the down-stroke).

Answer 59

two cylinders

Question 60

• A positive-displacement reciprocating pump that is configured with three plungers • The most common configuration of pump used in both drilling and well service operations • Capable of handling a wide range of fluid types, including corrosive fluids, abrasive fluids and slurries containing relatively large particulates.

Answer 60

Triplex pumps

Question 61

• Commonly used on workover rigs, that has two plungers or pistons • As a positive-reciprocating pump, the fluid flow rate is typically calculated from the number of strokes per minute that the pump makes and the displacement volume per stroke • Such a level of accuracy usually is sufficient for general workover purposes.

Answer 61

Duplex pumps

Question 62

advantages of triplex pumps

Answer 62

✓ weigh 30% less than duplex pumps ✓ easier, faster maintenance ✓ cost less to operate ✓ fluid end is more accessible ✓ discharge mud more smoothly ✓ move large volumes of mud at high pressures

Question 63

Line connecting the pump to a series of tubulars and equipment to feed drilling fluids into the wellbore.

Answer 63

Discharge Line

Question 64

• A large-diameter (3- to 5-in inside diameter), high-pressure flexible line used to connect the standpipe to the swivel • This flexible piping arrangement permits the kelly (and, in turn, the drillstring and bit) to be raised or lowered while drilling fluid is pumped through the drillstring • The simultaneous lowering of the drillstring while pumping fluid is critical to the drilling operation.

Answer 64

Rotary Hose/ Kelly Hose

Question 65

• The large-diameter metal pipe that connects the bell nipple under the rotary table to the possum belly at the mud tanks • An inclined, gravity-flow conduit to direct mud coming out the top of the wellbore to the mud surface-treating equipment • Usually fitted with a crude paddle-type flow-measuring device commonly called a "flow show" that may give the driller the first indication that the well is flowing • In a larger well field, multiple flowlines may connect individual wells to a manifold.

Answer 65

Mud Return Line/ Flow Line

Question 66

• The primary and probably most important device on the rig for removing drilled solids from the mud • Comprises a vibrating sieve that filters mud from the flowline • Solids smaller than the wire mesh pass through the screen • Larger solids are retained on the screen and eventually fall off the back of the device and are discarded.

Answer 66

Shale Shaker

Question 67

• A hydrocyclone device that removes large drill solids from the whole mud system • Located downstream of the shale shakers and degassers, but before the desilters or mud cleaners • A volume of mud is pumped into the wide upper section of the hydrocylone at an angle roughly tangent to its circumference

Answer 67

Desander

Question 68

• A hydrocyclone much like a desander except that its design incorporates a greater number of smaller cones • Removes smaller unwanted solids from the mud system • Its smaller cones allow the desilter to efficiently remove smaller diameter drill solids • Located downstream from the desander in the surface mud system.

Answer 68

Desilter

Question 69

A device that removes air or gases (methane, H2S, CO2, and others) from drilling liquids

Answer 69

Degasser

Question 70

Conditioning Equipment examples

Answer 70

• shale shaker • desander • desilter • degasser