CHATPER 1 TERMINOLOGY Flashcards
voiced
of a sound, articulated with the vocal folds vibrating in the phonation process
Example: [d]
voiceless
of a sound, articulated with the vocal folds apart in the phonation process
Example: [t]
vocal tract
the air passages above the larynx
airstream process
all the ways of pushing air out and sucking air in that provide the power for speech.
related to the respiratory system.
phonation process
the action of the vocal folds (vibrating or apart)
oro-nasal process
raising or lowering of the velum to determine whether air goes out of the mouth or the nose
articulatory process
movements of the tongue and lips interacting with the roof of the mouth and pharynx
alveolar ridge
a small protuberance just behind the upper teeth that you can feel with the tip of your tongue
hard palate
the front part of the roof of the mouth that is formed by a bony structure
soft palate / velum
a muscular flap that can be pressed against the back wall of the pharynx and prevent air from going through the nose
velic closure
action that separates the nasal tract from the oral tract so air can only go out through the mouth
Example: difference between [b] and [m] - [b] involves velic closure because the sounds have the same place, manner of articulation and voicing
pharynx
the parts of the vocal tract between the uvula and larynx
uvula
small appendage hanging down off the back of the soft palate
lip
articulators that are fleshy structures that form the upper and lower external anatomy of the mouth, articulators in labial sounds
Example: labial articulation = describes articulation that uses the lips
tip (of tongue)
part of the tongue located infront of the blade of the tongue
Example: articulator in apical sounds
blade (of tongue)
located in front of the front of the tongue
Example: articulator in laminal sounds
front (of tongue)
part of the tongue located behind the blade of the tongue
center (of tongue)
part of the tongue located half beneath the soft palate and half beneath the hard palate
back (of tongue)
part of the tongue located beneath the soft palate
epiglottis
attached to the lower part of the root of the tongue
labial
describes speech gestures involving the lips as an active articulator
E.g. bilabial, labiodental sounds
coronal
describes speech gestures involving the tip or blade of the tongue as an active articulator
E.g. dental/interdental, alveolar, retroflex sounds
dorsal
describes speech gestures involving the back of the tongue
bilabial
describes speech gestures made with two lips
labiodental
describes speech gestures made with the lower lip and upper front teeth
dental
describes speech gestures made with the tip or blade of the tongue and upper front teeth
interdental
describes speech sounds made with the tongue protruding through the upper front teeth
alveolar
describes speech sounds made by contact of the tongue tip / blade with the alveolar ridge
retroflex
describes speech sounds made by contact of the tongue TIP with the BACK OF THE alveolar ridge
postalveolar
describes speech sounds made by contact of the tongue BLADE with the BACK of the alveolar ridge
palatal
describes speech sounds made by contact of the front of the tongue with the hard palate
velar
describes speech sounds made by contact of the back of the tongue with the soft palate
