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Networking 1 > Chatper 1 > Flashcards

Chatper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In __ , the Greeks used __ to established a rudimentary information networks.

A

700 BC
homing pigeons

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2
Q

Around a millennium later, in __ , __ proved that a wire carrying an electric current could deflect a magnetized needle, opening the way for wire-based telegraph networks.

A

1819
Hans Oersted

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3
Q

Three types of networks

A

– Word-of-mouth communication
– Telephone
– Computer

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4
Q

Transmit information to person or group like word-of mouth.
Carry data, voice, and video
communications

A

Computer networks

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5
Q

__ communication infrastructure
• Communication cables and radio waves
• Specialized equipment to connect networks

A

Telephone network

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6
Q

Computer network components

A

– Computer hardware and software
– Print devices
– Network Devices

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7
Q

System components linked using various media

A

– Copper wire
– Fiber-optic cables
– Radio waves
– Infrared waves
– Microwaves

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8
Q

– Different network types
– Different terms for various network elements
– Processes about how networks should work

A

Master basic networking concepts

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9
Q

Three types of computer networks

A

– Local area networks (LANs)
– Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
– Wide area networks (WANs)

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10
Q

– Interconnects computers, printers, other equipment
– Consists of shared hardware and software resources in close physical proximity

A

LAN

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11
Q

– Spans a greater distance than a LAN
• Up to 48 kilometers (about 30 miles)
– Links multiple LANs within city or __ region
• Typically uses fiber-optic/wireless connections
– LANs may be separately owned

A

MAN (metropolitan area network)

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12
Q

– Composed of two or more LANs or MANs
– Connected across distance greater than 48 km
– May have constituent LANs on different continents

A

WAN (wide area network)

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13
Q

– Links different users across one or more organizations
– Provides variety of resources
– Used to fulfill business, research, educational tasks
– Typically consists of several LANs

A

Enterprise network

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14
Q

_network component
– Personal computer, server, mainframe, minicomputer, printer, fax, CD-ROM array, disk array

A

Node (or station)

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15
Q

Nodes linked through communications media

A

Wire cabling,
fiber-optic cables,
radio or infrared waves

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16
Q

Three network nodes important to users:

A

– Workstations
– Hosts
– Servers

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17
Q

– Has CPU (central processing unit) and operating system
– Home to local applications such as Microsoft Office
– Runs network applications to access data on server or mainframe
– May fulfill roles as client and host

A

Workstation computer

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18
Q

workstation accessing data or software on another computer

A

Client

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19
Q

computer accessed for data or software

A

Host

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20
Q

– Single computers offering multiuser access
– Repository for software applications and data files
– Host from two to as many as several thousand users
– Network operating system is key to capability

A

Servers

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21
Q

– Board installed in computer or network device
– Attached to communication media by connector or antenna

A

NIC (network interface card)

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22
Q

Two reasons for studying network history

A

– Shows how practices and concepts have evolved
– Provides social, political, technical context

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23
Q

rooted in telegraph and telephone
systems

A

LANs/WANs

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24
Q

Driving forces in networking technology

A

– Interpersonal communication
– Business transactions
– Entertainment products

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25
Q

Three prominent uses of home networks

A

– Sharing files and printers
– Accessing the Internet and entertainment resources
– Connecting home resources

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26
Q

– Connecting home resources

A

Computers,
Entertainment devices,
Appliances

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27
Q

Three common ways to share printers

A

– Share workstation printer using operating system
– Attach printer directly to network using built-in NIC
– Utilize print server with multiple connections and NIC

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28
Q

No one can use printer if workstation off

A

Caveat

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29
Q

– Utilize print server with multiple connections and NIC

A

• Plug one or more printers into print server
• Connect print server to network

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30
Q

– Configure Internet sharing in home with Windows XP
– Can also be set up in Windows Server 2003

A

Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)

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31
Q

– Configure Internet sharing in home with Windows XP

A

• Create Internet connection with Windows XP computer
• Link connected computer to network
• Configure ICS in Windows XP

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32
Q

__opportunities with home networks
– Connects digital devices with NIC to network
– Uses media hubs to connect home _ center

A

Entertainment

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33
Q

__ can be network devices
– Example: refrigerators with digital message boards
• Message boards linked to Internet

A

Home appliances

34
Q

Other control features enhanced in home networks

A

– Temperature settings
– Turning music on/off
– Managing lighting systems

35
Q
  • Offices greatly enhanced through networks
  • Networks increase productivity and lower costs
A

Using a Network in an Office

36
Q

Two ways networks save time and money

A

– Share information without leaving office
– Telecommute to office via home network

37
Q

_served by well-planned network
– Illustrate using two companies selling specialty food

A

Business strategy

38
Q

– Efficiency most likely rewarded with more orders

A

Company one handles more volume

39
Q

• Advantages to networking office equipment
• Networking capabilities enhance business of any size

A

Connecting Office Resources

40
Q

Resources shared when connected to a network

A

– Files
– Printers
– CD-ROM arrays
– Fax machines
– Internet connectivity
– Internet telephony
– Specialty printers, such as plotters
– Network conferencing devices
– Network storage through disk arrays
– Centralized tape or CD backups of critical files

41
Q

Distinguish network types using four properties

A

– Communications medium
– Protocol
– Topology
– Network type (private versus public)

42
Q

– LAN boundaries based on
communication medium changes

A

Examining communications medium

43
Q

– Formatting and transmission of data
• Discrete units of data called packets or frames

A

Examining protocols

44
Q

– Two components
• Physical layout of network cables and devices
• Logical path followed by network packets or frames
– Example: Logical path of frames follows star pattern

A

Examining topology

45
Q

– Often change at network boundary
– Example: beginning/end points of public and private networks

A

Examining network types

46
Q

– Private network tunnels through larger network
– Restricted to designated member clients

A

Virtual private network (VPN)

47
Q

Physical layout combined with logical path

A

Topology

48
Q

Pattern of physical layout

A

Cable plant

49
Q

Cable plant: pattern of physical layout

A

– Wired networks
– Wireless networks

50
Q

Wired networks

A

Cabling laid in office,
Building,
Campus

51
Q

Wireless networks

A

Types of antennas,
Devices,
Direction of transmission

52
Q

– Cable between each station on network
– Analogy: mountain climbers connected by a rope

A

Decentralized network layout

53
Q

– Each station physically connected to central device
– Analogy: star with workstation as its points

A

Centralized network layout

54
Q

Main topologies:

A

bus, ring, star, and mesh

55
Q

Hybrid topologies:

A

star-bus, star-ring

56
Q

– Terminator attached to each end of bus cable segment

A

Bus topology

57
Q

– Detected by all nodes on segment
– Given time limit to reach destination

A

Transmitting packet across bus

58
Q

– Develops standards for network cabling, transmission
– Specifies length of bus segment

A

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

59
Q

__ end of physical segment
– Functions as resistor that absorbs signal

A

Terminator signals

60
Q

__ on bus networks
– Prevents signal reflection back on to covered path

A

Terminator critical

61
Q

– Requires less cable than other topologies
– Easy to extend bus with a workstation

A

Advantages of bus design

62
Q

– High management costs
• Single defective node can take down entire network
– Can become quickly congested with network traffic

A

Disadvantages of bus topology

63
Q

Continuous data path
– Workstations attached to cable at points around ring

A

Ring topology

64
Q

– Easier to manage than bus
– Handles high volume network better than bus
– Suited to transmitting signals over long distances

A

Advantages to ring topology

65
Q

– More expensive to implement than bus
– Fewer equipment options than bus

A

Disadvantages to ring topology

66
Q

_ multiple nodes attached to central
device (hub, switch, router)
– Cable segments radiate from center like a star
– Example: workstations connected to switch

A

Star topology

67
Q

– Start-up costs comparable to ring topology
– Easier to manage, defective nodes quickly isolated
– Easier to expand by connecting nodes or networks
– Offers better equipment and high-speed options

A

Advantages of star topology

68
Q

– Failure of central device may cause network failure
– Requires more cable than bus

A

Disadvantages of star topology

69
Q

– Each radiating finger is separate logical bus segment
– Each segment terminated at both ends

A

Star-bus (star-wired) topology

70
Q

– No exposed terminators
– Connect multiple central devices to expand network
– Connection between central devices is a backbone
• Backbone enables high-speed communication
– Central devices have built-in intelligence
– Many equipment and high-speed options available

A

Advantages of star-bus topology

71
Q

– Hub or access unit acts as linking device
– Transmission using logical communication of ring
– No need for built-in terminators

A

Star-ring (star-wired) topology

72
Q

– Every node connected to every other node in network
* If link breaks, nodes can still communicate

A

Mesh topology

73
Q

_ used less on LANs
– Expensive to implement
_ often used in MANs and WANs

A

Mesh topology

74
Q

Step 1: _
– Example: Telecommunications-based WAN vs. satellite-based WAN

A

Understand protocols, access methods, topologies

75
Q

Step 2: _
– Example: Different media for backbone and internal network

A

Understand physical equipment used

76
Q

• Step 3: _
– Structured wiring and networking
– Designing for multimedia and client/server applications
– Taking advantage of LAN and WAN characteristics

A

Understand basic network design principles

77
Q

Step 4: _
– Types of computers used as well as location
– Software applications used and resources required
– Patterns in organization relative to network use
– High and low network use periods
– How to simplify troubleshooting and maintenance
– Determine security need for the network
– Anticipate how growth affects network resources

A

Assess nature of home, office, organization

78
Q

Four components of solid design

A

– Star-bus hybrid topology
– Switch connecting computes in middle of star layout
– Share certain information on network
– Share printers on network

79
Q

– Star-bus economical to implement and maintain
– Use of switch satisfies need for fast communication
– Resource sharing using peer-to-peer network
– Internet access easily added

A

Rationale for design

80
Q

Essential design knowledge:

A

protocols,
topologies,
equipment,
principles,
organization needs

81
Q

Chief advantage of network

A

Resource sharing

Networking 1 (2 decks)

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