chatgpt Flashcards
The basic requirement for heat transfer.
Presence of temperature difference
A form of energy that can be transferred from one system to another as a result of temperature difference
heat
The theory proposed by Antoine Lavoisier that states heat is a fluid-like substance.
Caloric theory
The person who challenged the caloric theory through experiments in 1843.
James P. Joule
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change forms
The first law of thermodynamics.or the Conservation of Energy
The unit of energy in the SI system.
Joule (J)
The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water at 14.5°C by 1°C.
Calorie
The term for the sum of all microscopic forms of energy of a system.
Internal energy
The rate of heat transfer per unit area normal to the direction of heat transfer.
Heat flux
The mode of heat transfer that involves the transfer of energy from more energetic particles to adjacent less energetic ones.
Conduction
The equation known as Fourier’s law of heat conduction.
kA t1-t2 over L
The unit of power.
Watt (W)
The type of energy associated with the atomic bonds in a molecule.
Chemical energy
The material described as having a high value of thermal conductivity, meaning it is a good heat conductor.
High thermal conductivity
The energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force.
Work
The type of energy associated with the phase of a system.
Latent energy
The energy balance equation for a stationary closed system with no work involved.
ΔU=Q-W
The mode of heat transfer that can take place in solids, liquids, or gases.
Conduction
The device that involves mass flow in and out of a system, often modeled as control volumes.
Control volumes
Mass flow rate The concept describing the amount of mass flowing through a cross section of a flow device per unit time.
Mass flow rate
A form of energy related to the molecular structure of a system and the degree of molecular activity.
Microscopic energy
The unit of energy in the English system.
British thermal unit (Btu)
The term for energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree.
Specific heat
The equation for internal energy in terms of specific heat.
delta U = mC(change of T)
The unit of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 lbm of water at 60°F by 1°F.
Btu
The law that states the total energy content of a control volume during a steady-flow process remains constant.
Energy balance
The material property indicating the rate of heat transfer through a unit thickness per unit area per unit temperature difference.
Thermal conductivity
The measure of the ability of a material to conduct heat.
Thermal conductivity
The science that deals with the determination of the rates of energy transfers.
Heat transfer
The term for energy needed to push a fluid and maintain flow.
Flow energy
The term for the energy interactions at the surface in both steady and transient conditions.
Surface energy balance
The substance described as incompressible if its specific volume (or density) does not change with temperature or pressure.
Incompressible substance
The rate of heat transfer per unit area.
Heat flux
the specific heat of an ideal gas depends only on
temperature
The volume of a fluid flowing through a pipe or duct per unit time.
Volume flow rate
The measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force.
Work
The type of heat associated with the kinetic energy of molecules.
Sensible heat
The principle that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change forms.
Conservation of energy
The type of system that is analyzed under steady operating conditions involving mass flow in and out.
Steady-flow systems
The term for energy transferred through conduction in the direction of decreasing temperature.
Temperature gradient
The type of problem dealing with the determination of heat transfer rate for an existing system at a specified temperature difference.
Rating problems
The problem dealing with the determination of the size of a system to transfer heat at a specified rate for a specified temperature difference.
Sizing problems
The person who showed heat can be generated continuously through friction.
Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford)
The term for the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules defined in the mid-19th century.
Heat energy
The type of engineering systems that produce work, such as car engines and hydraulic turbines.
Work-producing systems
The law describing the transfer of energy as heat from the higher-temperature medium to the lower-temperature one until thermal equilibrium is reached.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
