Chater 1: Medical Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Types of Word Parts
A
Word Roots
Prefixes
Suffixes
Combining Form
2
Q
A ——— contains the basic meaning of the term
A
Word Root
3
Q
What does the suffix usually but not always indicates?
A
Procedure, condition, disorder or disease
4
Q
A —— usually indicates location, time, number or status
A
Prefix
5
Q
Cyan/o is an example of what type of word root?
A
Combining form, a vowel is usually added at the end with the word root
6
Q
Cyan/o
A
Blue
ex: cyanosis: blue discoloration of the skin caused by the lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
7
Q
Erythr/o
A
Red
ex: erythrocyte: mature red blood cell
8
Q
Leuk/o
A
White
9
Q
Black
A
Melan/o
10
Q
Poli/o
A
Gray
11
Q
Myel/o
A
Spinal cord
12
Q
Oste/o
A
Bone
13
Q
My/o
A
Muscle
14
Q
Nuer/o
A
Nerve
15
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joint
16
Q
Combining Form Vowels
A
Usually the letter “o” added to the end of the root word
When two root words joined, combining vowel is always added to the first word root
Combining vowel is used at the end of second word root if suffix begins with a consonant
Combining vowel not used when suffix begins with a vowel
17
Q
What suffix indicates inflammation?
A
-ITIS
18
Q
Suffix can be used as
A
Noun endings As adjectives
19
Q
Cardi (word root)
A
Heart
20
Q
crani (word root)
A
Skull
21
Q
- ac (adjective)
A
“Pertaining to”
22
Q
-al (adjective)
A
“Pertaining to”
23
Q
- ary (adj)
A
“Pertaining to “
24
Q
-eal (adj)
A
“Pertaining to”
25
-ior (adj)
“Pertaining to”
26
-tic (adj)
“Pertaining to”
27
Suffix meaning “abnormal condition or disease”
-osis, -ago, -iasis, -pathy
Ex: gastrosis: any disease of the stomach
(gastr: stomach, -osis: abnormal condition or disease)
28
Word root meaning stomach
Gastr
29
Word root meaning “disease”
Path: disease
30
-ology
“Study of”
31
-algia, -dynia
Pain and suffering
ex: gastralgia: pain in the stomach
32
-megaly
“Enlargement”
ex: heptatomegaly: abnormal enlargement of the liver
33
-sclerosis
“Abnormal hardening”
34
Suffix meaning “ surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purpose”
-centesis
35
-graphy
“Process of producing a picture or record”
Ex: radiography
36
-gram
“A picture or record”
37
suffix meaning “surgical repair”
-plasty
38
suffix meaning “visual examination”
-scopy
Ex: colonoscopy
39
suffix describing “ sudden, severe bleeding”
-rrhage and -rrhagia
ex: hemorrhage
40
-rrhapy
“Surgical suturing to close a wound and includes the use of sutures, staple and surgical glue”
41
-rrhea
“flow or discharge and refers to the flow of mostly body fluids”
ex: diarrhea
42
word root “nat”
Birth
43
prefix meaning “ time and events before”
“Pre”
44
“Peri”
“Time and events surrounding”
45
“ time and events after”
Post
46
ab-
away from
47
ad-
toward or in direction of
48
hyper-
Excessive or increased
49
prefix meaning deficient or decreased
hypo
50
word root meaning larynx or throat
“laryng”
51
nose
rhin
52
ot/o
Ear
53
suffix meaning surgical incision
-otomy
54
word root for stone
lith
55
arthr/o
joint
ex: arthrology: study of joints
56
Ather/o
plaque or fatty substances
57
word root meaning “artery”
Arteri/o
58
meaning surgical removal
-ectomy
ex: appendectomy
59
-ostomy
surgical creating of an artificial opening to the body surface
Ostomy bag
60
ileum vs ilium
ileum: part of the small intestine
ilium: part of the hip bone
61
infection vs inflammation
Infection: invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
Inflammation: localized response to an injury or the destruction of the tissue
62
Lacerations
Torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut
63
pathogenic change of the tissue due to disease or injury
Lesion
64
word root meaning fungus
myc/o
65
word root meaning renal/pelvis
pyel/o
Ex: pyelitis: inflammation of the renal pelvis
66
py/o
Pus
Ex: pyoderma: pus filled bacterial skin infection
67
word rooting meaning fire or fever
Pyr/o
Ex: pyrosis: heartburn (pyro:fire, -osis: abnormal condition or disease)
68
Definition of trauma
Wound or injury
69
hem/o
Blood
70
word root “liver”
Hepat/o
ex: hepatomegaly: abnormal enlargement of the liver
71
-cyte
cell
ex: leukocyte: white blood cell
72
The Study of the structures of the body
Anatomy
73
physiology
the study of the function of the structures of the body
74
word root “physi”
Nature of physical
75
Describe the anatomical position
Anatomical position describes the body standing in the standard positionBody is erect and facing forward in an upright standing positionArms are out to the sides, palm facing up with thumbs towards the bodyFeet’s shoulder with apart, toes facing forward
76
What plane divides the body into unequal left and right portions?
Sagittal Plane
77
What is midsagittal plane?
Midsagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right.
78
Describe the frontal plane? What is its other name?
The frontal plane or coronal plane is a vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior portions
79
How does the transverse plane divide the body to?
transverse/ horizontal/ axial plane divides body into superior and inferior portions
80
Ventral
Refers to the front or belly side
81
dorsal
Refers to the back of the organ or the body
82
Cephalic
Towards the head
83
Caudal
Towards the lower part of the body
84
Anterior
Situated in the front
85
Posterior
Situated in the back
86
Superior
uppermost, above or toward the head
87
Inferior
Lowermost, below or toward the feet
88
Proximal
Situated nearer the midline or beginning of a body structure
89
Distal
Situated farthest away from the midline or beginning of a body structure
90
Medial
Towards or near the middle
91
Lateral
Means the direction toward or nearer the side of the body, away from the midline
92
What are the two major cavities that the body is divided into?
Ventral (anterior) Cavity or Dorsal (posterior) Cavity
93
What are the subdivisions of the anterior (ventral) cavity
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
94
What organ separates the thoracic and abdomen pelvic cavity
The Diaphragm
95
What are the sub division of the dorsal (posterior) cavity
Cranial and Spinal Cavity
96
What are the subdivision of the thoracic cavity?
The Thoracic Cavity is divided into two pleural cavity (for the two lungs) and pericardial cavity
97
What are the quadrant of the abdomen?
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
98
What are the regions of the body?
Right Hypochondriac Region. Epigastric Region. Left Hypochondriac Region
Right Lumbar Region. Umbilical Region. Left Lumbar Region
Right Iliac Region (inguinal). Hypogastric Region Left Iliac Region (inguinal)
99
Parietal
Relating to the cavity wall
100
Visceral
Relating to the internal organs
101
Perit/o
abdomen
102
Cell membrane
Tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment
103
Cytoplasm
Material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
104
What are the functions of the cell
The function of the cell is to control the activity of the cell and help cell divide
105
What are stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells
They are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
They can transform into cells with special functions
106
What is the primary role of Adult Stem Cells/ Somatic Stem Cells
To maintain and repair the tissue
107
108
Where are embryonic stem cells found?
They are found in the cord blood in the umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn infant
109
What cell has the ability to form any adult cell?
Embryonic Stem Cell
110
Idiopathic Disease
disease without a known cause
111
nosocomial infection
Known as hospital acquired infection
112
Isntrogenic illness
Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
113
Functional disorder
Produces physical symptoms for which no disease or organic cause can be identified
114
Organic Disorder
Produces symptoms that are detectable physical changes in the body
115
Sudden widespread outbreak of a disease within specific population group or area
Epidemic
116
Pandemic
Outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area
117
Endemic
Ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area
Ex cold
118
Etiology
The study of the cause of diseases or abnormal conditions
119
120
word root “Aden”
Gland
121
What is a Gland?
Gland is a group of specialized epithelial cells capable of producing secretions
122
What is the difference between exocrine glands vs endocrine glands
Exocrine glands have ducts where chemical substances can be secreted while endocrine glands do not have ducts where chemical
123
What do Endocrine Glands produce?
Hormones
124
Suffix “- plasia”
Growth, development of change
125
Anaplasia
Change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
126
Dysplasia
Abnormal development or growth of cells or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue
127
What are the four types of tissue?
1) muscle tissue
2) nerve tissue
3) connective tissue
4) epithelial tissue
128
What is the function of epithelial cells
Form a protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of the boys
They also form glands
129
What is the function of a connective tissue
They support and connect other body tissue
130
What is the function of muscle tissue?
Counting cells that contract and relax
131
What is the function of nerve cells?
Has ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
132
Adip/o
Fat
133
Anter/o
Before, front
134
Caud/o
Lower part of the body
135
Cephal/o
Head
136
Cyt/o
Cell
137
End- or endo-
In, within, inside
138
Exo
Out of! Outside!Away from
139
-plasia
Development! Growth, formation
140
-stasis or -static
Control, maintenance of a constant level
141
Vector Born Transmission
Spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors
Ex: mosquito
142
-plasm
Formative material of cell
143
144
-throphy
Development
145
-oma
Tumor
146
-crine
To secrete
147
Eti-
Cause
148
