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Comparative Politics > Chat. 1/2 > Flashcards

Chat. 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Politics

A

the making of authoritative public choices from private choices, who gets what, when and how.

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2
Q

Comparative Politics

A

the systematic search for answers to political questions about how people around the world make and contest authoritative public choices

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

an argument linking cause to effect

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4
Q

Falsifiable

A

the possibility that a hypothesized relationship can be shown to be incorrect

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5
Q

Comparative method

A

a way to examine patterns of facts or events to narrow down what is important in terms of building a convincing comparative politics argument

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6
Q

Method Agreement

A

compares and contrast cases with different attributes but shared outcomes, seeking the one attribute these cases share in common to attribute causality

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7
Q

Method of Difference

A

compares and contrasts cases with the same attributes but different outcomes, and determines causality by finding an attribute that is present when an outcome occurs but that is absent in similar cases when the outcome does not occur.

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8
Q

Correlation

A

a measure of observed association between two variables

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9
Q

Causation

A

a process or event that produces an observable effect

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10
Q

Quantitative Research

A

relies on statistical data to assess relationship between attributes and outcomes, analyzing those data using computers. Emphasizes breadth over depth

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11
Q

Qualitative Research

A

focuses on an in-depth understanding of attributes and outcomes. Privileges depth over breadth.

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12
Q

Mixed methods research

A

uses both quantitative and qualitative methods in an effort to build convincing claims about the relationship between attributes and outcomes.

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13
Q

Sovereignty

A

Responsibility for international affairs; the ability to use physical force within borders

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14
Q

Failed State

A

lost sovereignty, collapsed, not properly established government (State fails when gov can’t unite individual interests in security and civil peace)

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15
Q

Legitimacy

A

Citizens acceptance of state’s sovereignty and how effective a state is

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16
Q

Collective Action Problem

A

A situation wherein each individual has private incentives not to participate in an action that benefits all members of the group. (Clash between individual and collective interests)

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17
Q

State of nature

A

Term coined by Thomas Hobbes to describe an imaginary time before human beings organized into governments or states for the collective good.

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18
Q

Predatory Perspective

A

State uses power to extract resources. State serves as a protection racket (pay for protection)

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19
Q

Government

A

Concrete organization that has authority of state

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20
Q

Nation

A

Form of political identity, associate with others that are similar (State and Nation CAN overlap; nation state

21
Q

Nationalism

A

Identification with a nation, an identity

22
Q

Society

A

Diverse forms of voluntary collective action outside of state action (usually interest/identity organizations)

23
Q

Stateless Society

A

Has no official authority (no gov)

24
Q

weberian definition of state

A

human community monopoly off legitimate use of physical force, given territory

25
Q

Tilly definition of state

A

War made the state, and the state made war.\

26
Q

North definition of state

A

economist, power to tax

27
Q

Samuels textbook definition

A

geographic territory, sovereignty

28
Q

Levi definition of state

A

quasi voluntary compliance, paying taxes because you believe you get something out of it

29
Q

Laswell definition of state

A

“who gets what when where and how

30
Q

Locke definition of state

A

equal people are inherently self sufficient and will not seek to harm one another. State provides resources and infrastructure for an otherwise self-sufficient (peaceful) society.

31
Q

Rousseau/ Montesquieu definition of state

A

Correlation is Not Causation

32
Q

Hobbes definition of state

A

consent to be coerced, believed force should only be used to uphold individual freedoms because threat of violence not moral qualms gets people to do things

33
Q

Radical feminism

A

the state operates with a patriarchal structure with a goal of keeping all women everywhere oppressed
Criticisms: lack of intersectionality, implies feminists cannot achieve any social change over time

34
Q

Marxist radical feminism

A

the state operates with a patriarchal/capitalist structure with a goal of keeping all women everywhere oppressed

35
Q

Liberal feminist theory

A

women can overcome male dominance by entering state institutions in large number (power wipes out sex)
Criticism: based on the assumption all women are committed to gender equality

36
Q

The Nordic feminist theory

A

state social policy is seen as a way to empower women and potentially institutionalize gender equality (the welfare state)
criticism theory over emphasizes social rights (access to paid employment) at an expense of women’s civil rights (violence against women), still have reliance on someone, I.E. women as the object

37
Q

Post Culturistic/discursive approach

A

States cannot be overtly patriarchal but institutions of the state are influenced by patriarchal culture
Criticism: makes the state seem overly complex

38
Q

The feminist instituionalist approach

A

Gender norms have become embedded into state institutions

39
Q

Governance

A

changing structures of government, market relations, and process of governing

40
Q

Regime

A

complete change of political theory (authoritarian-> democracy)

41
Q

State vs. government

A

government is concrete organizations while the state is an abstract theory

42
Q

Nation vs. state

A

nation is a cultural grouping of people vs. state is the abstract theory of how people form socially productive communities

43
Q

Government vs. nation

A

concrete political organizations vs. a cultural group of people (one nation can be apart of different governments)

44
Q

Early state formation was triggered by…

A

war preparations, competition over territory, tax extradition

45
Q

Economic context

A

the growth of industry, trade and commerce gave rise to a new class of urban merchants who wanted security and profitability

46
Q

Military context

A

changes in military technology created a need for increased defense spending so centralized taxation was necessary

47
Q

The Cultural Identity Context

A

Protestasnt reformation and age of enlightenment led to challenge of legitimacy of religious rulers

48
Q

redictor for political centralization and industrial complexity

A

population boom

Comparative Politics (1 decks)

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