Charts and Flight Planning Flashcards
The regulation governing local area procedures is?
USAACE 95-2
What is the most important aspect of chart utilization?
Ensuring the chart is current
The JOG stands for what?
Joint Operations Graphic
The 58th OG mandates a scale of what for low-level operations?
1:250,000
CHUM stands for?
Chart Updating Manual
Where can one find the current CHUM date?
On each map that is acceptable for flight use
What does a 1:XXXX scale mean?
That for every actual unit of measurement on the chart (1in) corresponds to that many equivilents on the chart in reality. For example, on a 1:250000 chart, each inch on the chart corresponds to 250000 inches (approx 4 miles)
What must never be done with official-sized charts?
Changing the size of the graphics as this renders the chart illegal for aviation use
Can multiple charts be used for one mission?
Yes, different portions of the mission may require different levels of detail to accomplish given objectives
What scale is the Global Navigation Chart (GNC)?
1:5,000,000
The Global Navigation Chart supports what?
High altitude, high speed, long-range operations
What is depicted on the Global Navigation Chart?
Vertical obstructions, NAVAIDs, and landing options
What is the scale of the Jet Navigation Chart?
1:2,000,000
What mission does the Jet Navigation Chart support?
High altitude navigation, bombing by strategic aircraft
What navigation is supported by the Jet Navigation Chart?
Celestial, radar, and dead reckoning
What is the scale of the Operational Navigation Chart?
1:1,000,000
The Operational Navigational Chart is considered what?
The standard worldwide small-scale aeronautical chart
What missions are supported by the Operational Navigational Chart?
Medium altitude, high-speed, visual, and radar navigation
Which forms of navigation are supported by the Operational Navigation Chart?
Celestial, radar, and dead reckoning
What is the scale of the Sectional Aeronautical Chart?
1:500,000
What missions are supported by the Sectional Aeronautical Chart?
Visual navigation of slow/medium speed aircraft
Which regulation governs planning for Military Training routes?
FLIP Area Planning AP/1B
What information can be found on Sectional Charts?
Broadly speaking, controlled airspace, aerodromes, restricted areas, MOAs, NAVAIDs
What landmarks can be found on Sectional Charts?
Visual landmarks such as populated places, rivers, roads, railroads, and other distinctive landmarks as charted
Tactical Pilotage Charts are at what scale?
1:500,000 (Militarized sectional)
Which missions are supported by Tactical Pilotage Charts?
High speed, low altitude radar and visual navigation from low to medium altitude
JOG charts are at what scale?
1:250,000
What is the primary purpose of the JOG chart?
Identification of horizontal control points for low altitude air navigation hazards
What projection is the JOG based on?
Mercator Projection
Which official charts have the smallest scales?
Objective Area Charts. As low as 1:12,500 to provide great detail of objective areas
How are aerial photographs utilized for mission planning?
Primarily for tactical operations as expedient planning tools with potentially valuable intelligence data
What is the difference between a vertical and oblique aerial photo?
Vertical is perpendicular to the surface whereas the oblique is at an angle
Topography is defined as?
Elevation and/or relief portrayed by contour lines
What is potentially inconsistent on aerial photos when compared to charts?
The scale
Where can information about interpretation of chart symbology be found?
In the chart legend
How is elevation depicted along contour lines?
Within the contour line itself
Shading on charts is generally found where?
The southeastern side of elevated terrain and the northwestern side of depressed terrain
Closer contours lines depict what general terrain feature?
Steepening terrain
Further spaced contours lines depict what general terrain feature?
Flattened terrain
What is a datum as it pertains to charting?
A set of values used to define a specific geodetic system
What are the two typical reference datums?
Vertical and horizontal. Vertical is generally set to sea level
Why is it important to know what datum one is using?
Datums can vary between charts, depicting different locations differently, a phenomenon known as datum shift
What is the most common horizontal datum for aeronautical charting?
The World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
What is the most common projection utilized in aeronautical/astronautical charting?
The Universal Transverse Mercator
What is the most unique characteristic of the Universal Transverse Mercator?
It projects the earth as if all of the lines of latitude and longitude intersect at right angles
From the Universal Transverse Mercator, what locational system is utilized by the US and allied militaries?
The Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)
The first three numerals of the MGRS correspond to what?
The specific 1000km x 1000km subsection
The second two numerals in the MGRS correspond to what?
The 100km x 100km section
Each The 100km x 100km section of the MGRS is further reduced into what?
10km x 10km grids
The 10km x 10km grids can be refined to what sized point?
A 1x1m square
The first set of numbers in a MGRS coordinate corresponds to what?
The “Easting”
The second set of numbers in a MGRS coordinate corresponds to what?
The “Northing”
How is magnetic correction applied to course?
Adding westerly correction and subtracting easterly correction (East is least, West is best)
Per the 11-202V3, for navigational segments flown below 300 AGL, what the minimum requirements for a chart?
Course lines, magnetic heading, leg distance, minimum safe altitudes (MSA) and an emergency route abort altitude (ERAA)
For low-level helicopter navigation, what is the definition of the route corridor?
5NM from either side of the planned route
On planned routes, what is the symbol for a waypoint?
A circle
On planned routes, what is the symbol for an initial point?
A square
On planned routes, what is the symbol for an objective point?
A triangle
What is the standard annotation for route distance and timing?
Timing on the right and distance on the left (Mnemonic is “right on time)
On a standard route, how are distance and time tracked?
Distance counts down, time counts up
On a low level chart, a circle with a slash in represents what?
Emergency en-route airfield
What does NIB stand for?
Navigational Information Blocks
What is the value for the first box of the NIB?
Next waypoint
What is the value for the second box of the NIB?
Magnetic heading to next waypoint
What is the value for the third box of the NIB?
Distance to the next waypoint
What is the value for the fourth box of the NIB?
Time to next waypoint
What is the value for the fifth box of the NIB?
Fuel required to complete flight + reserve
What is the value for the sixth box of the NIB?
Minimum safe altitude for leg
What is the maximum terrain error of a JOG chart?
99ft
Obstructions below how many feet are not required to be charted?
200ft
Obstructions below what height are not required to be lit at night?
200ft
What is the maximum theoretical height of a non-charted obstacle on a JOG?
299ft (99ft for terrain and 200ft for obstacle)
How often is CHUM updated?
Quarterly with monthly supplements
When is a traffic call required when transiting near an RT?
Within 1/2NM and below 800’ MSL
When must one monitor the controlling radio when transiting near an RT?
Within 2NM and below 800’ MSL
When transitioning a NOE training area, aircraft will be no lower than?
200ft AGL
How is ERAA computed?
adding 1000ft (2000ft in mountainous terrain) to the highest obstruction within 5NM of the entire route
What is “Bingo” fuel?
Minimum fuel required to land at a field with fuel available plus reserves
For the training area, where should bingo fuel be planned from?
A direct route from the last RT or point of loiter to the planned recovery location
What is “Joker” fuel?
The fuel state above bingo at which flight plan deviation should begin. The fuel required to leave a point and continue to accomplish the mission in a normal manner
What is continuation fuel?
The minimum fuel required to complete a mission as planned and land with the required reserves.
Easily identifiable waypoints are?
Nature, no hazards, immovable, unique.
Waypoint turns should generally be less than how many degrees?
60 degrees
While on low level with the 23rd, how often should radio check-ins be accomplished?
Every 25 min
Plan for how many lbs per hour of fuel burn?
600lbs (10lbs a min)
High reconnaissance patterns should be flown at what altitude and airspeed?
300 AGL, 50kts
What does the “WETPASTE” acronym stand for?
Winds, Turbulence, Null Areas
Elevation of the site
Temperature and Pressure Altitude
Power available/required/margin
Approach/Departure
Suitability
Low reconnaissance is flown at what altitude?
50ft
Low reconnaissance may be flown on final if?
OGE Hover power is available
