Charts Flashcards
What are the two charts approved by ICAO (annex 4)?
VFR and IFR charts
Charts usually represents dimensional…?
2d dimensional representation of 3d dimension
What are the three main projection type charts?
Azimuthal, conical and cylindrical projection
What is cylindrical used for?
equator parallel of origin
What is azimuthal used for?
pole parallel of origin
What is conical used for?
mid-latitude parallel of origin
Why do we use different chart projections?
Because each part of the earth is distorted
How many precen within the usable area does it need to be?
Less than 1%
How is origin used in azimuthal projection?
single point of contact
Projection is set from the opposite point
The projection is set from the opposite point of earth’s
How is origin used in cylindrical projection?
Great circle of tangency - equatorial region
How is origin used in conical projection?
single point contact - projected from centre
What is conformal chart?
Any chart on the earth is accurate to the chart - e.g. right-angled graticule etc
what is right-angled graticule?
Angle between intersection between longitude and latitude
What is non-constant scale referring to?
Distortion of shapes, unequal expansion of scale
What is the operational requirements? (6 phases)
-Taxi from aircraft stand to take-off point
- take-off and climb to en-route
- en-route
- descent to approach
- approach to land and missing approach
- Landing and taxi to aircraft stand
What is large scale maps?
Used for terrestrial navigation - 1: 500 000
what is medium scale?
for short-range flight e.g. commercial flights - 1:1000000
what is small scale
intercontinental journey . 1
Does IFR charts lack topographical details?
Yes
What does IFR include?
Radio navigation information
What is hypsometry?
Low-level topographic detail, land elevation
In hypsometry, what is contour lines?
Lines joining same height
In hypsometry, what is spot height
Small black dot, top of a hill
In hypsometry, what is later tinting?
changes in elevation
What projection is direct mercator?
cylindrical projection
What projection is Lambert’s Canonical Conformal
Conical projection
What projection is Polar stereographic?
Azimuthal
