Charles II Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

When was the restoration of the monarchy?

A

1660

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2
Q

What happened after the restoration of the monarchy?

A

English social life changed considerably

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3
Q

How different was Charles II from his father?

A

He was intelligent, gay and liked entertainment

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4
Q

What did Charles II support?

A

The newly established Royal Society

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5
Q

Why did Charles II support the Royal Society?

A

For the Advancement of Science

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6
Q

Who were the members of the Royal Society?

A

Sir Christopher Wren, Isaac Newton, John Milton, John Locke

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7
Q

In what year was Parliament called?

A

In 1661

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8
Q

How was the relationship between Charles II and Parliament early in his reign?

A

They agreed on most points

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9
Q

In what year was the Act of Uniformity passed?

A

In 1662

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10
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity change?

A

The Church of England was re-established and the Prayer Book was to be used in all churches

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11
Q

How was the religion in 1662?

A

All other forms of worship were forbidden

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12
Q

How were called the ones who didn’t attend the Church of England?

A

Dissenters or non-Conformists

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13
Q

Who was Charles’ first adviser?

A

The Earl of Clarendon

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14
Q

Who was the King’s second adviser?

A

Earl of Shaftesbury

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15
Q

By who was Charles influenced in his reign?

A

By the French king Louis XIV

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16
Q

In what years was England in a war with Holland?

A

1664 - 1667

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17
Q

What big disasters forced Enland to make peace during the war with Holland?

A

Plague and the Great Fire in 1666

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18
Q

What country did England gain during Charles’ reign?

A

New Amsterdam in America

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19
Q

How did Charles rename the New Amsterdam and why?

A

New York - after his brother James, Duke of York

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20
Q

Who did Charles II marry?

A

The Portuguese princess Catherine

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21
Q

What did Catherine receive?

A

Tangiers, Bombay as a dowry

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22
Q

What happened in 1670?

A

Charles made a secret treaty at Dover with Louis XIV

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23
Q

What did Charles promise Louis in the secret treaty in 1670?

A

That he will join France again in the war against Holland and declare himself a Roman Catholic

24
Q

What did Louis promise Charles in return?

A

money and help in case of trouble

25
What happened in 1672?
Charles issued the Declaration of Indulgence without consulting Parliament
26
What did the Declaration of Indulgence grant?
freedom of worship to everybody, freeing both non-Conformists and Roman Catholics from oppression
27
Into what resulted the Declaration of Indulgence?
a storm of protest
28
What happened with the Earl of Shaftesbury after the Declaration of Indulgence?
He started working against Charles II and built up a party in Parliament to oppose the king
29
How was called the Earl of Shaftesbury's party?
Country Party
30
Why was the party called the Country Party?
Because it was made up of landowners, merchants and manufacturers
31
How did opponents call the members of the Country Party?
the Whigs
32
Where did they take the name the Whigs from?
From a group of wild Republicans in Scotland
33
How was called the party of supporters of King?
Court Party
34
Who were the members of the Court Party?
The nobles and the clergy
35
How did their opponents call the members of the Court Party?
Tories
36
Where did the name Tories come from?
It was after a gang of wild Irish rebels
37
What document did the Parliament pass in 1673?
the Test Act
38
What did the Test Act require?
All who held any government position be members of the Church of England
39
What was one of the biggest achievements of the Parliament?
Habeas Corpus Act
40
When was the Habeas Corpus Act?
1679
41
What was the Habeas Corpus Act about?
Made it illegal to imprison a man without trial
42
When did the real crisis for Charles II come?
1678
43
What was the crisis in 1678 about?
The Parliament began to believe the stranger Titus Oates that the Catholics wanted to murder the King, make his Catholic brother a king and force everbody to become Catholic
44
What did the Shaftesbury advice the King after the crisis?
To divorce his wife and marry another woman who would give him a heir
45
What was the second advice of Shaftesbury to the King?
To declare his illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, who was a Protestant
46
Did Charles take any of the Shaftesbury's advices?
No, he refused
47
When did the Parliament introduce the Exclusion Bill?
1679
48
What was the Exclusion Bill about?
It was supposed to prevent James from becoming king, bbecause he was a Roman Catholic
49
What did Charles do to prevent the bill of being passed?
He dissolved Parliament and never called another
50
What did Shaftesbury try to do after Charles dissolved Parliament?
He tried to rouse the country to a rebellion, failed and then fled to Holland
51
What happened to Titus Oates?
He was imprisoned
52
What did Charles make James do?
He made him to marry his elder daughter to William of Orange - Protestant and his younger daughter Anne to the Danish king Goerge - Protestant
53
How were the four last years of Charles' reign?
peaceful
54
When did the Charles II die?
1685
55
What did the Charles II do before he died?
Declared himself a Roman Catholic
56
Who became king after Charles II?
His brother James