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Stuarts > Charles I personal rule > Flashcards

Charles I personal rule Flashcards

1
Q

How much debt did charles have by 1629?

A

£2 million

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2
Q

Names of treaties w/ france and spain?

A

Susa, Madrid

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3
Q

Introduced in 1635?

A

New Book of Rates

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4
Q

How much income risen by 1635?

A

£425,000

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5
Q

Impact of reinforcing recusancy fines? (monetarily)

A

Quadrupled - £26,866

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6
Q

What was the Distraint of the Knighthood?

A

Fines to those who owned land worth over £40 per annum who had not been knighted at his coronation.

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7
Q

How did he get right the monopolies act? and who did this benefit?

A

Sold to corporations. benefitted courties who sold monopolies.

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8
Q

Examples of other ways he raised income

A

wardships, increasing rents, using old laws.

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9
Q

What was ship money?

A

An old tax paid by coastal areas, for emergencies. As an emergency tax could get round the Petition of Right, each county had to produce a lump sum, built a fleet of 25 ships.

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10
Q

How did Charles misuse the tax ship money?

A

extended it to inland areas

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11
Q

How much did Ship Money raise?

A

£200,000 every year 1635-1638

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12
Q

What else contributed to Royal Spending?

A

art collection, large family, subsidising his sister

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13
Q

examples of postive actions taken by his treasuerers and advantage of these policies?

A

Stopped selling Crown lands, regular audits, reduced pensions at court.
advantage - books balanced

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14
Q

underlying issues? (w/ finance)

A

Parliament concerned that he may never need to call Parliament, had to avoid war to keep accounts healthy, pressure from merchants to take action against pirates.

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15
Q

Archbishop Laud’s outlook?

A

Arminian

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16
Q

key difference between arminians and calvinists? and what did this mean for the structure of the Church?

A

Arminians believed that people could affect their final destination through good deeds, prayers, the Sacraments. Calvinists believe in predestination and –only the elect would gain salvation.
Calvinists saw no need for a Church structure/hierarchy. Arminians believed in need for structure and hierarchy.

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17
Q

why was arminianism appealing to charles?

A

Preferred order in the Church and Arminians were supported of the DROK

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18
Q

when was laud promoted to archbishop of canterbury?

A

1633

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19
Q

lauds 5 aims?

A

Uniformity, make churches fit for worship, eradicate Puritanism, increase church influence in government, and restore wealth of clergy.

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20
Q

examples of what laud did?

A

Common Prayer Book, Surplice, altars moved, encouraged use of candles, stained glass, music, censored Puritan literature, cut finance to Puritan preachers, Book of Sports reissued.

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21
Q

examples of punishments for those not following lauds new rules?

A

William Prynne – fined, tips of ear cut off, John Lilburn – fined, whipped, pilloried.

22
Q

why did the nobles not like Laud and his reforms?

A

Did not like being told what to do by inferiors (Laud was son of a cloth make), Bishops from humble backgrounds, changes made to church seemed to reduce status of nobles.

23
Q

what happened to numbers emigrating?

A

Increased – 2000 to Massachusetts Bay in 1630.

24
Q

What made people think the changes were too close to Catholicism?

A

Raising of the altar, Catholic converts in the Privy Council eg: Weston.

25
Q

when was the book of orders issued?

A

1629

26
Q

what responsibilities did the book of orders make clear JP’s had?

A

Meet regularly to check poor were working – or punished, poor children be put to apprenticeship, roads repaired and that in economic crisis hoarders of grain should be punished.

27
Q

who was responsible for the policy of thorough? name and titled name

A

wentworth - earl of strafford

28
Q

aim of policy of thorough?

A

Making government more efficient and effective – making sure all areas were administered equally.

29
Q

how did wentworth achieve his aims?

A

Book of Orders and regular reports to the Privy Council

30
Q

how did wentworth use the council of the north?

A

as a prerogative court

31
Q

what was new / refreshing about wentworth?

A

his impartiality

32
Q

what worried people about wentworths policies?

A

so efficient that parliament might not be needed.

33
Q

when was he appointed lord deputy of ireland?

A

1633

34
Q

4 diff irish groups?

A

Old English, Scottish Settlers, New English Settlers.

35
Q

Wentworth’s aim in ireland?

A

to impose the authority of English state and church on Ireland, to raise revenue for the Crown.

36
Q

example of imposing authority of the state on ireland?

A

Extending Protestant settlements, took land for the Crown if landowners could not prove their rights.

37
Q

who did wentworth alienate?

A

Normally loyal New English landowners

38
Q

how did wentworth impose authority of the church on ireland?

A

Introduced Laudian reforms, land taken from landowners and returned to the church.

39
Q

impact of imposing church authority on ireland?

A

Resentment form New English –reforms seemed too Catholic.

40
Q

how did wentworth raise revenue?

A

New Book of Rates which doubled income from custom duties. Fines to City of London for not developing land and forced subsidies form the Irish Parliament.

41
Q

impact of how wentworth raised revenue?

A

Annoyed native Irish and Old English because he did not provide redress to their grievances. Some of the money used to raise an Irish Army – this concerned New English and Scots.

42
Q

long term cause of discontent in scotland?

A

Act of Revocation 1625, number of non-resident members on the Scottish Privy Council, the Articles of Perth.

43
Q

religion in scotland?

A

Presbyterian

44
Q

what was the kirk?

A

Name given to the council running the Scottish church.

45
Q

Why did Charles visit to Scotland cause more discontent?

A

Chose to be crowned at Holyrood, seen s too Catholic, established a new Bishopric.

46
Q

response of scottish lords?

A

Draw up a petition against ‘religious innovations’.

47
Q

charles reaction to this?

A

Lord Balmerino tried for treason (pardoned)

48
Q

other changes made to scottish church?

A

New canons introduced 1636 and a new Prayer Book introduced

49
Q

response to changes to scottish church?

A

Resistance / Rebellion eg: Jenny Geddes threw stool at Bishop Hannay.

50
Q

charles predicament with rebellious scotland?

A

Needed an army to quell rebellious Scots… so needed to call a Parliament to raise funds for this.

Stuarts (1 decks)

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