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AS History (Stuarts) COPY > Charles - Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Charles - Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the First English Civil War end?

A
  • 1646
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2
Q

What did Parliament aim to do after the end of the First English Civil War?

A
  • They aimed to form a settlement with Charles to establish a Monarchy, but with limited authority.
  • At this point in time, the execution of the King was not being considered.
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3
Q

Who was left in charge of negotiations with the King at the end of the First English Civil War?

A
  • Parliament.
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4
Q

What did the Scots do at the end of the First English Civil War?

A
  • They returned to Scotland and left the negotiations with the King to Parliament.
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5
Q

What power did Parliament have over Charles in 1646?

A
  • Control of the Army.
  • Control of Charles’ close advisors.
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6
Q

Which group arrested Charles at the end of the First English Civil War?

A
  • The Scots, who held Charles in Newcastle.
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7
Q

What was the first settlement offer which Parliament proposed to Charles called?

A
  • The ‘Newcastle Propositions’.
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8
Q

When were the Newcastle Propositions delivered to Charles?

A
  • July 1646.
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9
Q

What were the key points of the Newcastle Propositions?

A
  1. Agreement of the Solemn League and Covenant.
  2. The abolishment of Archbishops and Bishops.
  3. Agreement that Parliament would settle Religious issues.
  4. Parliament would control the Army.
  5. Parliament would control the raising of money.
  6. Parliament could ‘blacklist’ people from becoming Charles’ advisors.
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10
Q

Why did Charles delay responding to the Newcastle Propositions?

A
  1. The Scots were unhappy with the fact that Parliament would have authority over Religious issues.
  2. The Leveller group had internal divisions and weren’t a credible threat.
  3. Divisions among the leadership of the Army.

(Charles believed he could exploit these weaknesses to negotiate with the Scots separately, or to get a better deal.)

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11
Q

Why was the local Gentry displeased with issues in their counties after the Civil War had ended?

A
  1. They believed that the Army would be disbanded once victory was secured, this did not happen, and the army was becoming increasingly expensive to maintain.
  2. Religious Anarchy. (Leveller groups etcetera)
  3. County Committees - Were made up of men from lower social classes, which the Gentry did not approve of.
  4. Arbitrary Arrest.
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12
Q

How did trouble in the Counties make the Gentry support Charles?

A
  • They were unhappy with their lowered social status and believed that the restoration of Charles would fix it.
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13
Q

Give 4 examples of Radical groups which caused issues in the counties?

A
  1. The Levellers.
  2. The Quakers.
  3. The Fifth Monarchists.
  4. The Ranters. (Denied the existence of Sin.)
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14
Q

What did issues in the counties cause?

A
  1. Causes petitions from counties to be created.
  2. Caused revolts in the counties. (Which was a large factor in causing the Second English Civil War)
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15
Q

What happened in terms of social unrest in Kent?

A
  • In 1644 Parliament passed an ordinance which limited/banned religious festivals, such as Christmas.
  • This order had not been enforced until 1647. which caused riots on the streets.
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16
Q

When did the Amry Revolt take place?

A
  • 1647.
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17
Q

When was Charles handed over to Parliament (from the Scots)?

A
  • 1647.
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18
Q

Where was Charles taken after being transferred into the control of Parliament?

A
  • Holdenby House - Northumberland.
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19
Q

When did Charles formally respond to the Newcastle Propositions?

A
  • 18th Mary 1647.
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20
Q

What did Charles request to be Changed/included in the Newcastle Propositions?

A
  1. The twenty-year militia controlled by Parliament to be reduced to ten years.
  2. Discussions about a Presbyterian Church.
  3. His supporters to be protected from prosecution.
  4. To remove the clause about Parliament blacklisting his advisors.
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21
Q

What did the Parliamentary ‘Peace Group’ propose to do to combat radicals? (1647)

A
  • Disband the Army. (Reduce both expenditure and radicalism)
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22
Q

What happened in response to the proposed disbandment of the Army?

A
  • Parliament approved the motion in February 1647.
23
Q

How did Parliament respond to the Army’s concern over pay?

A
  • The initial plan to disband the army made no provision for pay. This caused the soldiers to petition Fairfax on the issue.
  • Fairfax bought the concerns to Parliament, which dismissed them by issuing the ‘Declaration of Dislike’, which branded the soldiers asking for pay as enemies of the state.
  • On the 25th May, Parliament voted for the army to be disbanded immediately with only eight weeks pay. This angered the vast majority of soldiers and made them unable to trust Parliament to broker a deal with Charles.
24
Q

What did the Army do to prevent Parliament from reaching a settlement with Charles?

A
  • They seized Charles at Holdenby Hall and transported him to their headquarters at Newmarket.
25
Q

What was the Solemn Engagement?

A
  • An agreement within the army, that they would not disband until a just settlement on pay had been reached.
26
Q

When was the Solemn Engagement signed?

A
  • 5th June 1647.
27
Q

What was ‘The Representation’?

A
  • A document outlining the Army’s political programme.
28
Q

What did the ‘Representation’ include?

A
  1. Purging corrupt MP’s.
  2. Dissolving Parliament.
  3. New Parliaments to have a fixed length.
  4. Church reform.
29
Q

What was the Army’s settlement to Charles called?

A
  • The ‘Heads of Proposals’.
30
Q

When were the ‘Heads of Proposals’ presented to Charles?

A
  • 1st August 1647.
31
Q

What was included in the ‘Heads of Proposals’?

A
  1. Biennial Parliaments.
  2. Elections to Parliament to be proportional to the taxable wealth of the county.
  3. The militia to be controlled by Parliment for 10 years.
  4. Authority of Bishops to be removed.
  5. Removal of the Common Prayer Book.
  6. Restoration of the King, without further limits.
32
Q

Why did the ‘Heads of Proposals’ fail?

A
  • It only accounted for the views of officers and military leadership, not the common soldier, who believed that the proposals were too generous. This caused internal divisions.
  • Charles still believed his opposition was weak, therefore he decided to wait before accepting any settlement offer.
33
Q

When did Charles escape from army custody?

A
  • 11th November 1647.
34
Q

Where did Charles go after escaping from army custody?

A
  • Carisbrook castle on the Isle of Wight.
35
Q

Overall, by the end of 1647 why had a Settlement not been reached?

A
  • Charles was aware of the growing Divisions among his enemies, so he held off accepting a settlement in an attempt to get more concessions.
  • Radicalism had won Charles the support of the Gentry, he was aware that he was perceived as stability.
  • Divisions between the Scots and Parliament on Religion.
36
Q

What was the main cause for the emergence of radicalism?

A
  • Protestantism encouraged individual belief and a personal relationship with God, this made people better educated on the Bible.
  • This caused people to criticise ideas more openly.
37
Q

What system did radicals challenge?

A
  • Hierarchy/authority.
38
Q

When did the Leveller group begin?

A
  • 1644
39
Q

Who are the three Leveller leaders?

A
  • John Liburne.
  • William Walwyn.
  • Richard Overton.
40
Q

What did the Levellers campaign for?

A
  • Complete religious freedom and right to worship.
41
Q

What petition was created in support for the arrested Leveller leaders?

A
  • ‘A remonstrance for many thousand citizens’
42
Q

How did the Leveller movement expand its influence?

A
  • The Levellers embedded themselves within the ranks of the army.
43
Q

What two proposals did the Levellers put to the army?

A
  1. The ‘Case of the army truly stated’.
  2. The ‘Agreement of the People’.
44
Q

What did the Leveller proposals to the Army result in?

A
  • They resulted in Cromwell calling the ‘Putney Debates’.
45
Q

When did the Putney Debates take place?

A
  • October - November 1647.
46
Q

How successful were the Putney debates?

A
  • They were unsuccessful.
47
Q

What did Cromwell do in response to the failure of the Putney debates?

A
  • He called the entire army together for a meeting at Corkbush field.
48
Q

What happened to Leveller influence at corkbush field?

A
  • Some officers were arrested for disobeying orders.
  • A soldier was executed for taking part in the mutiny.
  • This severely diminished the Leveller influence within the army.
49
Q

Where did the Levellers have support? (Geographically)

A
  • They had support in London, but not elsewhere which limited their influence.
50
Q

What did Charles do to cause the Second English Civil War once on the Isle of Wight?

A
  • Charles hosted a Scottish delegation.
  • He wanted to negotiate with them instead of Parliament.
51
Q

What settlement did Charles secure with the Scots on the Isle of Wight?

A
  • Presbyterian worship, subject to free debate after three years.
  • Suppression of Radical groups.
  • The army would be disbanded, apart from the Scottish army which would be sent to England to keep order and to protect the Monarchy.
52
Q

Why did the Scottish Settlement cause the Second English Civil War?

A
  • Cromwell and Parliament viewed Charles’ actions as treasonous.
53
Q
A

AS History (Stuarts) COPY (10 decks)

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