Charles 1 (1625-1640)

Question 1

Charles’ Aims

Answer 1

• Rule as a King only answerable to God
• Bring about Puritan reforms to church
• Support bishops
• Restore sister and Husband to Palatinate
• Make war with Spain
• Keep Buckingham as chief advisor
• Marry French princess

Question 2

Problems over War with Spain

Answer 2

In agreement with Parliament for war after Trip to Madrid 1923

Question 3

Problems over Buckingham

Answer 3

Buckingham blamed for failure of Mansfield expedition
Closeness to Charles resented

Question 4

Problems with marriage to Henrietta Maria

Answer 4

• Catholic
• Spoke little English

Question 5

Charles’ Parliaments

Answer 5

June-August 1625
February-June 1626
March-June 1628
January-March 1629

Question 6

Impact of foreign policy

Answer 6

Expedition to Cadiz in 1625 failed
French made peace with Spain —> War with France
Parliament didn’t like paying for expensive foreign policy, especially when it failed

Question 7

Financial policy

Answer 7

1625 Parliament asked to grant money before discussing grievances
Granted 2 subsidies but only granted tonnage and poundage for 1yr
1626 - determined to not grant more until concerns met
Charles raises forced loan and imprisoned those refusing to pay
1628 - Still refuse and Charles getting tonnage and poundage illegally
Petition of Right - Crown can’t collect tax without consent of Parliament

Question 8

Buckingham

Answer 8

Blamed for Cadiz disaster
1626 - Both houses opposed him
Commons demand Buckingham dismissed —> Parliament dissolved
Aug 1628 = Buckingham murdered, everyone rejoices, Charles grieves

Question 9

Religion

Answer 9

1625 - Parliament complain penal laws not enforced strongly enough
Charles dissolves them
1626 - stronger line against Catholics
Promotion of Arminian William Laud
1629 - Three Propositions:
- Opposition to Arminianism
- Illegal taxation
- Opposition to unlawful payments

Question 10

Impact of Petition of Right

Answer 10

Charles strongly resented this and it limited his prerogative.
Right to imprison without charging, right to impose martial law, right to billet troops, and right to raise arbitrary taxation curbed.
Charles would manage without their advice

Question 11

Impact of murder of Buckingham

Answer 11

Charles felt alienated
Listened to wife more, in favour of rule without Parliament
Opened space for new ministers —> catholic sympathies

Question 12

Impact of events in Parliament in 1629 session

Answer 12

Issue of tonnage and poundage hadn’t been settled
Merchants who refused to pay arrested —> Parliament continue to argue this is illegal, worsening relations
Arminian influence still

Question 13

Impact of events after dissolution of the parliament

Answer 13

Charles takes revenge by arresting leading MPs for sedition, claiming it isn’t covered by free speech
Charles believes sessions of parliament only lead to divisions among ruling classes
Agreement with Wentworth

Question 14

William Laud

Answer 14

Arminian
Archbishop of Canterbury 1633

Question 15

Arminianism

Answer 15

Idea of predestination

Question 16

Laud’s Policies

Answer 16

1) Create more respect for House of God by:
- Keep churches in good repair
- Keep dogs away
2) Ensure clergy follow same rules by:
- Prayer book only form of service
- All priests were surplice
- Punishing those who defy
3) Stop Puritan ideas from being spread by:
- Preventing publishing of puritan literature
- Preventing Puritan gentry from appointing Puritan ministers
- Punishing outspoken Puritans
4) More respect and power for clergy by:
- Ensure clergy well education with one parish
- Ensure clergy involved in local affairs
- Make bishops live in their dioceses

Landowners and Puritans resent.