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Charlemagne-Vikings Flashcards

0
Q

who was Charlemagne’s father known as?

A

Pepin the Short

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1
Q

when did Charlemagne come to power?

A

768 AD

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2
Q

what was Charlemagne’s nickname?

A

Charles the Great

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3
Q

why was Charlemagne a great ruler?

A

because of his personal intelligence and interest in rebuilding civilization

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4
Q

where did Charlemagne expand the Frankish Merovingian empire (most of it)

A

Western Europe

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5
Q

how did he expand the old Merovingian empire?

A

through his military success

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6
Q

When was Charlemagne crowned emperor of the Romans? and by who?

A

800AD (Christmas Day) by Pope Leo (the third)

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7
Q

how did Charlemagne you his power!

A

to make things better for the serfs and tradespeople of his empire and to improve education

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8
Q

what is the era called when Charlemagne succeeded in bringing out a rebirth (Renaissance) of learning and the arts?

A

Carolingian Renaissance

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9
Q

how did Charlemagne’s empire fall? and his fall resembles who’s other empire?

A

it fell due to the bickering and infighting of Charlemagne’s descendants and their weakness in the face of Viking invasions
and there fall resembles the Merovingian fall

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10
Q

define Carolingian Empire

A

Charlemagne’s empire; from about 770 to 814 AD

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11
Q

define exhalations

A

vapor

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12
Q

define Renaissance

A

a rebirth or revival, especially of the arts

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13
Q

why did the Pope agree to recognize him as King of the Frankish empire

A

they recognized him because Pepins father, Charles Martel defeated the Muslim
army that had threatened to conquer Europe in 732 CE

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14
Q

how was Charlemagne hard hearted and merciless

A

because after he defeated the Saxons in north west Germany he insisted they convert to Christianity. after the Saxon leaders refused he ordered his soldiers to kill about 4000 Saxons a day.

Saxons that wouldn’t convert

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15
Q

how was Charlemagne energetic and thoughtful

A
  • created a single code of laws for the entire empire
  • tried to make things better for the serfs and tradespeople
  • he made new schools and monasteries
  • revived architecture, science and literature
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16
Q

how did pepin the short become king?

A

by throwing out the last of the Merovingian rulers

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17
Q

how did they see the Merovingian as?

A

“do nothing” kings

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18
Q

what did the Carolingian empire give a lot of Western Europe a break from?

A

the wars that had torn it apart since the fall of Rome

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19
Q

where did Charlemagne govern his empire from?

A

his palace at Aachen (now Germany)

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20
Q

what does missi dominici mean

A

the lords messengers

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21
Q

did Charlemagne allow local governments much freedom?

A

yes, but he still sent out agents called missi dominici ( the lords messengers)

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22
Q

why did Charlemagne send out agents?

A

to make sure people were treated properly

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23
Q

what is Charlemagne’s biographer name

A

einhard

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24
what was a special concern of Charlemagne
improving education
25
what did he encourage the knowledge of?
the Latin classics
26
what was he interested in?
science and literature
27
at what age to he die?
72
28
how long did Charles rule for?
47 years
29
where did the franks settle after the fall of Rome?
France
30
who was Britain invaded by while the franks were settling in
Angles, Saxons and Jutes
31
The Anglo Saxons drove the native Celtic people into what places?
wales, Cornwall, Scotland, and Ireland
32
how can the Anglo Saxons be described?
warriors who farmed
33
what were the AS KNOWN FOR?
fine metalwork, sculptures, and jewelry
34
we're the AS skilled craftsmen?
yes
35
when did the AS suffer greatly
in the 9th century
36
why did the AS suffer
from weak kings and Viking raids
37
what were the Irish celts soon known as?
the educated elite of Europe
38
what did the Irish monks take great care to preserve l?
the cultural legacy of ancient Ireland, Greece, and Rome
39
how did they Irish monks preserve those cultures
copying ancient stories, legends and knowledge by hand into parchement books
40
define Celtic peoples
a Western European culture. the Scottish, Irish, welsh, Cornish, Bretons are called celts
41
define epic
a long poem telling about heroic deeds and events
42
define prosperous
thriving
43
define translation
writing changed from one language into another
44
where did the celts inhabit?
from Spain to northern Russia
45
who joined the celts?
Scottish Irish welsh Cornish and Brenton's ask about this one
46
where did the Saxons live?
in small villages
47
did both men and women share the hard work of agriculture between them?
yes
48
what also did they have?
trade and business
49
since the Saxons had skilled metal workers what kinds of things did they make
highly elaborate sculptures and jewlery
50
what epic did they write that we know of today?
Beowulf
51
describe the celts before they embraced Christianity
they practiced a form of nature worshipping called Druidism. they dought bloody battles, kept slaves and made human sacrifices
52
why were the AS known as the intellectual elites
- St Patrick brought Christianity and learning to the Irish - monasteries were learning centers - Ireland was the greatest centre of learnig
53
when did the roman soldiers leave Britain?
5th century
54
where were the angles and Jutes and Saxons from?
the area now known as germany
55
who did the ASJ drive out when they invaded Britain
the Celtic people's
56
where did they push the celts into?
wales, Cornwall and Scotland, and across the sea to Ireland
57
were the AS storyteller?
yup
58
who was an early ruler of the as?
Alfred the great
59
what was Alfred the great a ruler of ?
Anglo Saxon England
60
did Alfred lose many battles with the Vikings before he learned how to beat them?
yes
61
at Alfred's death how did he leave western and southern England?
United and prosperous
62
England as a whole would suffer from a deadly combination of weak kings and Viking invasions until the time of who?
William the conqueror
63
where did the celts settle into?
western and northern edge of the British isles
64
what did at Patrick become?
a patron saint of Ireland
65
what did at Patrick bring the Irish?
a healthy respect for learning and Christianity
66
until the time of what, was Ireland the greatest centre of learning in Europe
until Charlemagne's Renaissance
67
did Irish monks play a critical role in training missionaries and in spreading Christianity?
yes
68
where did the Irish monks travel?
Scotland, England, and then Europe | -spreading knowledge and Christianity
69
where did the monks carry their book av
on their belt like their ancestors had once carried the heads of their fallen enemies
70
how did the Irish monks play an important role in preserving the cultural legacy of ancient Ireland?
- monasteries functioned as something like book factories l. I'm the age before the printing press every new book had to be carefully copied out by hand on sheets of dried sheepskin called parchment - they didn't limit their copying efforts to religious works such as the bible - also copied out many of the Latin and Greek classics and ancient Celtic stories that might other have been lost forever
71
when were the Vikings around?
763-1066 AD
72
The Vikings terrorized most of *blank*
coastal Europe
73
how long were the Vikings terroizers?
for over 200 years
74
what did the Vikings build? *not physically*
a culture of violence and slavery mixed with a structured system of laws and government
75
was the Viking culture rich?
yes
76
did they have artistry and legends in the Viking culture
yes
77
what is one thing that the Viking left evidence of?
their skilled woodwork and metalwork
78
the influence of their legends can still be seen in today's popular culture example?
marvel comics Thor super hero
79
were Vikings adventurous
yes
80
who were the first Europeans to settle into North America when Lief Erikson established a Viking settlement in Newfoundland
the Vikings
81
when did the Viking age end?
1066 | 11th century
82
why did the Viking age come to and end?
becaise European monarchs grew stronger and learned how to deal with their violent northern neighbors
83
what did ENGLISH momarchs give the Viking lords?
half of England
84
what did the Viking lords. do im return to getting the lands
protected Britain from other Vikings
85
what helped dissolve the Viking traditional beliefs and violent way of life
the people of Norway and Denmark becaise christian
86
define fjord
a long narrow, saltwater bay with high cliffs along its sides
87
define skald
a Scandinavian poet who recites poems at formal gatherings
88
define runes
letters based on those in the Roman alphabet | -often carved into stone
89
define Thing
a parliament where free adults could give their opinions on important matters, Viking Kings were not crowned; instead they were lifted up standing on shields, at the Thing
90
define thralls
Viking word for slave
91
what are the three modern day countries the Vikings originated in?
Norway Denmark Sweden
92
why did the Viking begin to start raiding and pillaging?
- plunder and glory - lack of fertile farmland - growing population
93
who were the "keepers of Viking history"
they were skalds
94
what did the skalds have to do?
they carried whole histories in their head and could recite word for workd stories that might take several days to tell. this was important becaise it's a important skill for a society in which most people could not read or write - no reading or writing was available - so skalds kept in memory
95
what did the king of France give Viking rollo
the province of Normandy to rule and protect | land of the Northmen -Normandy
96
what is a da law?( the king of England did this to Viking rollo)
practice of paying off the people so they would t attack

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