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Charlemagne-Vikings Flashcards

0
Q

who was Charlemagne’s father known as?

A

Pepin the Short

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1
Q

when did Charlemagne come to power?

A

768 AD

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2
Q

what was Charlemagne’s nickname?

A

Charles the Great

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3
Q

why was Charlemagne a great ruler?

A

because of his personal intelligence and interest in rebuilding civilization

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4
Q

where did Charlemagne expand the Frankish Merovingian empire (most of it)

A

Western Europe

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5
Q

how did he expand the old Merovingian empire?

A

through his military success

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6
Q

When was Charlemagne crowned emperor of the Romans? and by who?

A

800AD (Christmas Day) by Pope Leo (the third)

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7
Q

how did Charlemagne you his power!

A

to make things better for the serfs and tradespeople of his empire and to improve education

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8
Q

what is the era called when Charlemagne succeeded in bringing out a rebirth (Renaissance) of learning and the arts?

A

Carolingian Renaissance

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9
Q

how did Charlemagne’s empire fall? and his fall resembles who’s other empire?

A

it fell due to the bickering and infighting of Charlemagne’s descendants and their weakness in the face of Viking invasions
and there fall resembles the Merovingian fall

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10
Q

define Carolingian Empire

A

Charlemagne’s empire; from about 770 to 814 AD

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11
Q

define exhalations

A

vapor

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12
Q

define Renaissance

A

a rebirth or revival, especially of the arts

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13
Q

why did the Pope agree to recognize him as King of the Frankish empire

A

they recognized him because Pepins father, Charles Martel defeated the Muslim
army that had threatened to conquer Europe in 732 CE

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14
Q

how was Charlemagne hard hearted and merciless

A

because after he defeated the Saxons in north west Germany he insisted they convert to Christianity. after the Saxon leaders refused he ordered his soldiers to kill about 4000 Saxons a day.

Saxons that wouldn’t convert

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15
Q

how was Charlemagne energetic and thoughtful

A
  • created a single code of laws for the entire empire
  • tried to make things better for the serfs and tradespeople
  • he made new schools and monasteries
  • revived architecture, science and literature
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16
Q

how did pepin the short become king?

A

by throwing out the last of the Merovingian rulers

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17
Q

how did they see the Merovingian as?

A

“do nothing” kings

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18
Q

what did the Carolingian empire give a lot of Western Europe a break from?

A

the wars that had torn it apart since the fall of Rome

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19
Q

where did Charlemagne govern his empire from?

A

his palace at Aachen (now Germany)

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20
Q

what does missi dominici mean

A

the lords messengers

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21
Q

did Charlemagne allow local governments much freedom?

A

yes, but he still sent out agents called missi dominici ( the lords messengers)

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22
Q

why did Charlemagne send out agents?

A

to make sure people were treated properly

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23
Q

what is Charlemagne’s biographer name

A

einhard

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24
Q

what was a special concern of Charlemagne

A

improving education

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25
Q

what did he encourage the knowledge of?

A

the Latin classics

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26
Q

what was he interested in?

A

science and literature

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27
Q

at what age to he die?

A

72

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28
Q

how long did Charles rule for?

A

47 years

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29
Q

where did the franks settle after the fall of Rome?

A

France

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30
Q

who was Britain invaded by while the franks were settling in

A

Angles, Saxons and Jutes

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31
Q

The Anglo Saxons drove the native Celtic people into what places?

A

wales, Cornwall, Scotland, and Ireland

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32
Q

how can the Anglo Saxons be described?

A

warriors who farmed

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33
Q

what were the AS KNOWN FOR?

A

fine metalwork, sculptures, and jewelry

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34
Q

we’re the AS skilled craftsmen?

A

yes

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35
Q

when did the AS suffer greatly

A

in the 9th century

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36
Q

why did the AS suffer

A

from weak kings and Viking raids

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37
Q

what were the Irish celts soon known as?

A

the educated elite of Europe

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38
Q

what did the Irish monks take great care to preserve l?

A

the cultural legacy of ancient Ireland, Greece, and Rome

39
Q

how did they Irish monks preserve those cultures

A

copying ancient stories, legends and knowledge by hand into parchement books

40
Q

define Celtic peoples

A

a Western European culture. the Scottish, Irish, welsh, Cornish, Bretons are called celts

41
Q

define epic

A

a long poem telling about heroic deeds and events

42
Q

define prosperous

A

thriving

43
Q

define translation

A

writing changed from one language into another

44
Q

where did the celts inhabit?

A

from Spain to northern Russia

45
Q

who joined the celts?

A

Scottish Irish welsh Cornish and Brenton’s

ask about this one

46
Q

where did the Saxons live?

A

in small villages

47
Q

did both men and women share the hard work of agriculture between them?

A

yes

48
Q

what also did they have?

A

trade and business

49
Q

since the Saxons had skilled metal workers what kinds of things did they make

A

highly elaborate sculptures and jewlery

50
Q

what epic did they write that we know of today?

A

Beowulf

51
Q

describe the celts before they embraced Christianity

A

they practiced a form of nature worshipping called Druidism. they dought bloody battles, kept slaves and made human sacrifices

52
Q

why were the AS known as the intellectual elites

A
  • St Patrick brought Christianity and learning to the Irish
  • monasteries were learning centers
  • Ireland was the greatest centre of learnig
53
Q

when did the roman soldiers leave Britain?

A

5th century

54
Q

where were the angles and Jutes and Saxons from?

A

the area now known as germany

55
Q

who did the ASJ drive out when they invaded Britain

A

the Celtic people’s

56
Q

where did they push the celts into?

A

wales, Cornwall and Scotland, and across the sea to Ireland

57
Q

were the AS storyteller?

A

yup

58
Q

who was an early ruler of the as?

A

Alfred the great

59
Q

what was Alfred the great a ruler of ?

A

Anglo Saxon England

60
Q

did Alfred lose many battles with the Vikings before he learned how to beat them?

A

yes

61
Q

at Alfred’s death how did he leave western and southern England?

A

United and prosperous

62
Q

England as a whole would suffer from a deadly combination of weak kings and Viking invasions until the time of who?

A

William the conqueror

63
Q

where did the celts settle into?

A

western and northern edge of the British isles

64
Q

what did at Patrick become?

A

a patron saint of Ireland

65
Q

what did at Patrick bring the Irish?

A

a healthy respect for learning and Christianity

66
Q

until the time of what, was Ireland the greatest centre of learning in Europe

A

until Charlemagne’s Renaissance

67
Q

did Irish monks play a critical role in training missionaries and in spreading Christianity?

A

yes

68
Q

where did the Irish monks travel?

A

Scotland, England, and then Europe

-spreading knowledge and Christianity

69
Q

where did the monks carry their book av

A

on their belt like their ancestors had once carried the heads of their fallen enemies

70
Q

how did the Irish monks play an important role in preserving the cultural legacy of ancient Ireland?

A
  • monasteries functioned as something like book factories l. I’m the age before the printing press every new book had to be carefully copied out by hand on sheets of dried sheepskin called parchment
  • they didn’t limit their copying efforts to religious works such as the bible
  • also copied out many of the Latin and Greek classics and ancient Celtic stories that might other have been lost forever
71
Q

when were the Vikings around?

A

763-1066 AD

72
Q

The Vikings terrorized most of blank

A

coastal Europe

73
Q

how long were the Vikings terroizers?

A

for over 200 years

74
Q

what did the Vikings build? not physically

A

a culture of violence and slavery mixed with a structured system of laws and government

75
Q

was the Viking culture rich?

A

yes

76
Q

did they have artistry and legends in the Viking culture

A

yes

77
Q

what is one thing that the Viking left evidence of?

A

their skilled woodwork and metalwork

78
Q

the influence of their legends can still be seen in today’s popular culture
example?

A

marvel comics Thor super hero

79
Q

were Vikings adventurous

A

yes

80
Q

who were the first Europeans to settle into North America when Lief Erikson established a Viking settlement in Newfoundland

A

the Vikings

81
Q

when did the Viking age end?

A

1066

11th century

82
Q

why did the Viking age come to and end?

A

becaise European monarchs grew stronger and learned how to deal with their violent northern neighbors

83
Q

what did ENGLISH momarchs give the Viking lords?

A

half of England

84
Q

what did the Viking lords. do im return to getting the lands

A

protected Britain from other Vikings

85
Q

what helped dissolve the Viking traditional beliefs and violent way of life

A

the people of Norway and Denmark becaise christian

86
Q

define fjord

A

a long narrow, saltwater bay with high cliffs along its sides

87
Q

define skald

A

a Scandinavian poet who recites poems at formal gatherings

88
Q

define runes

A

letters based on those in the Roman alphabet

-often carved into stone

89
Q

define Thing

A

a parliament where free adults could give their opinions on important matters, Viking Kings were not crowned; instead they were lifted up standing on shields, at the Thing

90
Q

define thralls

A

Viking word for slave

91
Q

what are the three modern day countries the Vikings originated in?

A

Norway
Denmark
Sweden

92
Q

why did the Viking begin to start raiding and pillaging?

A
  • plunder and glory
  • lack of fertile farmland
  • growing population
93
Q

who were the “keepers of Viking history”

A

they were skalds

94
Q

what did the skalds have to do?

A

they carried whole histories in their head and could recite word for workd stories that might take several days to tell. this was important becaise it’s a important skill for a society in which most people could not read or write

  • no reading or writing was available
  • so skalds kept in memory
95
Q

what did the king of France give Viking rollo

A

the province of Normandy to rule and protect

land of the Northmen -Normandy

96
Q

what is a da law?( the king of England did this to Viking rollo)

A

practice of paying off the people so they would t attack

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