charactersitcs Flashcards
hydrocarbon deraritives
have an N, O, or halogen
nitrogen with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair
trigonal pyramidal 109
carbon with 1 double and 2 single bonds
trigonal planar 120
larger the molecuole
the less polar it will be therefore less soluble
alkanes are used
mainly as a fuel source, they undergo combustion reactions which release large amounts of energy
alyknes are used as
starting materials to build other materials often in industry or medicine
all families are hydrocarbons except
alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes (aliphatic hydrocarbons)
alkenes are used as
small alkenes are used as fuel source
are ingredients for making a large variety of plastics
carboxylic acids often have
unpleasent odours
carboxylic acids often act like
weak bronsted lowry acids. only the h on the oh group can be donated
aldehydes and ketones are often used as solvents because
they can dissolve both polar and non polar solutes
aldehydes smell
pungent
ketones smell
sweet
aromatics and cyyclicals have higher melting points then chains
because bond rotation is restricted making molecuole less flexible and easier to stack
aromatics often have
strong odours and used as solvents, pesticides and preservatives (DDT)
ringed carbons solubility
weak DID’s low solubility
ethers are
extremely flammable
used as solvents, propellants, and anesthetics
amines smell
fishy
amines act as
weak bronsted lowry acids the lone pair on the N can accpet a h from an acid
alkyl halides were
restricted in 1980 due to depletion of ozone layer
used as solvents, refrigerants and propelents
esters are used in
artificial flavours and scents
amides at room temperature are usually
solids
amides are used in
plastic and rubber industries
alcohols
are extremely flammable and poisonous
