Characteristics of Stationary, Moving and Same Direction RADAR

Question 1

_________________ traffic RADAR is capable of accurately recording speeds of objects approaching and retreating from the antenna.

Answer 1

Stationary

Question 2

The _______ effect or ________ errors is caused by the antenna being aimed at an angle to the target vehicle.

Answer 2

Cosine

(This results in a speed that is lower than the actual speed (56 displayed as 60 for the target).

(Error will benefit the violator)

Question 3

When using a RADAR, it is important that the angle be no greater than ______________ to minimize this error.

Answer 3

10 degrees

Question 4

When using a RADAR, at _____ degrees the speed cannot be measured at all.

Answer 4

90

Question 5

________ error can occur only with two pieces RADAR units.

Answer 5

Panning

Question 6

____________ is an error that occurs when the RADAR antenna is swung past the side of a fixed object and allegedly produces a speed measurement.

Answer 6

Scanning

Question 7

The equation to determine the target vehicle’s speed is closing speed minus Patrol speed equals _____________.

Answer 7

Target Speed

(TS = CS - PS)

Target Speed = closing speed - patrol speed

Question 8

The cosine effect will benefit the violator in ______________ mode.

Answer 8

stationary

Question 9

The cousine effect will not benefit the violator in ______________ mode.

Answer 9

moving

Question 10

How do you prevent cosine error?

Answer 10

Compare RADAR patrol speed with speedometer reading

Question 11

__________ error can occur when the patrol vehicle changes speed rapidly with operating the RADAR instrument. The counting unit may not be able to keep up with the rapid change and may make a mistake.

Answer 11

Batching

Question 12

___________ is an error that can occur when the low frequency Doppler is reflected back to the antenna by a large, slow moving vehicle instead of the roadway.

Answer 12

Shadowing

Question 13

How do you avoid the shadowing error?

Answer 13

> Always compare the displayed patrol speed to the patrol vehicle speedometer

> Tracking History

Question 14

What is the RADAR formula for target and patrol going same direction.

Answer 14

TS = PS + SS (separation speed)

Target Speed = Patrol Speed + Separation Speed

Question 15

What is the formula when the target and patrol are driving in the same direction and the target is slower than the patrol?

Answer 15

TS = PS - CS (closing speed)

Target Speed = Patrol Speed - Closing Speed

Question 16

True or False:

No external issues will affect the accuracy of the RADAR unit.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What factors can affect the RADAR unit’s sensitivity?

Answer 17

1. Target size.
2. Target shape.
3. Target composition.
4. Target position.
5. Target speed (in relation to supportive evidence).
6. Visual estimation of speed must as always be considered PRIMARY EVIDENCE.

Question 18

Remember that the ________ _________ of the target Speed is mandatory in all speeding cases.

Answer 18

visual estimate

Question 19

_______ vertical surfaces will also reflect the best RADAR signal.

Answer 19

Flat

Question 20

What are additional factors that affect RADAR Operation?

Answer 20

> External Mechanical Interference

> Random Radio Frequency Interference

> Interference from inside patrol vehicle

> Jamming

Question 21

________________ from inside the patrol vehicle can be caused by electronic or mechanical sources.

Answer 21

Interference

Question 22

_____________ is the intentional blocking or altering of a RADAR signal.

Answer 22

Jamming

Question 23

_______ ____________ have been outlawed in many states

Answer 23

RADAR detectors