Characteristics of Routing Protocols Flashcards
Routing Protocol Fundamentals, Network Technology Fundamentals, TCP/IP Fundamentals, Network Migration Strategies
Which of the following features prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out of that interface?
Split Horizon
Identify two distance-vector routing protocols
EIGRP and RIP
Which type of network communication flow that is best described as “one-to-nearest.”
Anycast
An NBMA network has what kind of design issues in respect to routing protocols?
Split Horizon, Designated router issues
Define TCP MSS
The total data in a TCP segment, not including any headers
A networking segment has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps, and packets experience an end-to-end latency of 100 ms. What is the bandwidth-delay product of the network segment?
1,000,000 bits / 1Mb
When migrating from a PVST+ to Rapid-PVST+, which two PVST+ features an be disabled, because similar features are built into Rapid-PVST+?
Uplink Fast, Backbone Fast
Cisco EVN uses what type of trunk to carry traffic for all virtual networks between two physical routers?
VNET
How would you reduce the number of entries in a router’s routing table?
Route summarization
The design calls for the use of a distance- vector routing protocol. Identify the two approaches that a distance-vector routing protocol can use to prevent loops. (2)
Split Horizon. Poison Reverse.
The design calls for the use of a link-state routing protocol. (2)
Use OSPF. Use IS-IS.
The design calls for IPv6 traffic to travel from a source IPv6 address to the nearest device of multiple devices assigned the same destination IPv6 address.
Use anycast.
The design calls for the use of an NBMA network. Identify design issues that might be encountered when using EIGRP or OSPF. (2)
Issue with EIGRP: Split Horizon. Issue with OSPF: Designated router.
The design calls for the use of Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP). Identify the condition that can be created when return traffic flows through a standby HSRP router.
Asymmetric routing (or unicast flooding).
The design needs to mitigate a global synchronization condition (where all TCP flows simultaneously enter TCP slow start).
Use WRED (Weighted random early detection).
The design requires a network to be migrated to a different routing protocol. (2)
Configure both routing protocols, and use Administrative Distance (AD) to control which routing protocol is being used.
Use route redistribution as you migrate individual sections of the network.
The design requires that you virtualize multiple routers inside of physical routers and carry traffic for the virtual networks between those physical routers.
Use Cisco Easy Virtual Networking (EVN) (VRFs).
The plan requires that Split Horizon be disabled for the hub router in a hub-and- spoke topology. Describe the purpose of Split Horizon.
Split Horizon is a feature that prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out of that same interface.
The plan requires the use of EIGRP as the routing protocol. Provide a brief description of EIGRP.
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is classified as an advanced distance- vector routing protocol. It was Cisco- proprietary until early 2013, but is now open to other vendors. EIGRP uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to make its path selection decisions.
The plan calls for the use of both IPv4 and IPv6. What network traffic types do IPv4 and IPv6 have in common, and what traffic types are different?
Both IPv4 and IPv6 use unicasts and multicasts. However, IPv4 can use broadcasts, while IPv6 cannot. Also, IPv6 supports anycasts, while IPv4 does not.
The plan calls for the use of Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP). What can you do to prevent an asymmetric routing issue, where traffic is forwarded from a subnet using the active HSRP router, and some of the return traffic returns using the standby HSRP router (because of load balancing)?
Ideally, you should not span a VLAN across more than one access layer switch. However, if you must span a VLAN across multiple access layer switches, you can adjust the HSRP router’s ARP timer to be equal to or less than the CAM aging time.
The design calls for the transmission of interactive voice and video over a network. What Layer 4 protocols are typically used to transmit voice and data media? (2)
The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a Layer 4 protocol that carries voice and video media. RTP is encapsulated inside of User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is another Layer 4 protocol.
The plan requires that a network migrate from IPv4 to IPv6. Identify three strategies of a successful IPv6 migration. (3)
Check existing equipment for IPv6 compatibility.
Run IPv4 and IPv6 concurrently. Check the ISP’s support for IPv6.
The plan calls for the use of Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF). Identify two approaches to configuring VRF. (2)
A traditional way to configure VRF on Cisco routers is an approach called VRF-Lite.
A newer approach to virtualized network configuration, called Cisco Easy Virtual Network (EVN), dramatically simplifies the relatively complex configuration required by VRF-Lite.
