Characteristics of living organisms Flashcards
What 8 characteristics do all living organisms share?
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition They control there internal conditions
Define movement
When an organism changes its position or place
Define respiration
The biochemical reactions in cells that break down molecules to release energy
Define sensitivity
The detection of stimulus and the ability to respond to that stimulus
Define growth
The permanent increase in the size of an organism by either the increase in the number of cells or the size of the cells
Define reproduction
The creation of offspring of the same species of the parent(s)
Define excretion
The removal of waste product from metabolic processes or substances in excess
Define nutrition
The intake of substances required for growth and to provide energy
Why are viruses not living
They do not have all 8 characteristics of living organisms
Define species
A group of organisms that can breed to create fertile offspring
What is phylogenetics
The study of evolutionary relationships
Give 2 ways organisms can be classified
Physical features
Phylogenetic relationships
How are modern classification techniques more accurate
Biochemical and genetic analysis gives a more precise and detailed understanding about relationships of organisms
How can organisms that share recent common ancestors be identified
Analyse the organism’s DNA
Organisms with more similar DNA sequences often share more common ancestors
What are the five kingdoms
Plant,fungi,animal,protoctista,prokaryote
Describe the binomial naming system
Genus species
E.g Homo sapiens
In italics or underlined
Give 3 advantages of the binomial naming system
It is universal
It provides information about closely linked organisms hence there traits
It allows for precise naming
State the features that all cells share
Cytoplasm,cell membrane and DNA
Ribosomes and enzymes for respiration
Name five parts of an animal cell
Nucleus mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm
Name 8 parts of a plant cell
Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm Permanent vacuole Chloroplasts Cell wall
What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates
Vertebrates have a backbone whereas invertebrates don’t
What are the 5 main groups of vertebrates
Mammals,birds,fish,amphibians and reptiles
What is an arthropod
An invertebrate with an exoskeleton
What are the 4 main groups of arthropods
Myriapods
Insects
Arachnids
Crustaceans
What are the two broad groups of plants
Flowering and non-flowering
What are the 2 main groups of flowering plants
Monocotyledons and dicotyledons
What is the difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Monocotyledons only contain one embryonic flower (cotyledon) whereas dicotyledons contain two
What are dichotomous keys
They’re are resources that are years to identify organisms by asking contrasting questions
