Characteristics of Jungle of Nepal

Question 1

Types of Jungles in Nepal

Answer 1

a. Evergreen Rainy forests,
b. Deciduous forests
c. Coniferous forests

Question 2

Forests based on Topo

Answer 2

a. Terai’s plain areas (sea lvl-4000’) evergreen forests,
b. Mountainous areas ( 4000- 7000’) deciduous forests
c. High Himalayas (above 11000`)
coniferous forests

Question 3

Generally 2 types of forests

Answer 3

a. Primary
b. Secondary

Question 4

Characteristics of Jungles based on the following basis

Answer 4

(a) Terrain
(b) Climate
(c) Distance
(d) Communication
(e) Visibility
(f) Disease

Question 5

Effects of Terrain

Answer 5

(a) Movement is slow and laborious. The smaller party the quicker the progress.
(b) Visibility is restricted both from the ground and air. This adds difficult of gaining
info and providing observed fire support.
(c) Use of mechanical transport is restricted.
(d) There are few features of landmarks. This accentuates the difficulty in keeping
direction and map reading.
(e) Water is generally scarce along mountain ranges.
(f) Greater skill is required in CQB.
(g) Fire support by arty and mortar is less effective.

Question 6

effects of climate are

Answer 6

(a) Variation in rainfall affects the density of jungle. Tactics and administration
should confirm to the type of jungle in which an operation is being conducted.
(b) Variation of temperature and excessive humidity affects battle efficiency and
reduces resistance to tropical diseases.
(c) The high percentage of humidity affects equipments. Therefore suitable
modification and greater care and maintenance are necessary.
(d) Excessive rainfall makes land, air and wireless communication difficult.
Therefore, forethought planning and as many duplicate means of communication as
possible are essential.
(a) Variation in rainfall affects the density of jungle. Tactics and administration
should confirm to the type of jungle in which an operation is being conducted.
(b) Variation of temperature and excessive humidity affects battle efficiency and
reduces resistance to tropical diseases.
(c) The high percentage of humidity affects equipments. Therefore suitable
modification and greater care and maintenance are necessary.
(d) Excessive rainfall makes land, air and wireless communication difficult.
Therefore, forethought planning and as many duplicate means of communication as
possible are essential.

Question 7

Owing to lack of track and the nature of jungle terrain,

Answer 7

distances are
reckoned in terms of time.

Question 8

effects of lack of communications

Answer 8

(a) Existing communication and communication centers will invariably be
well defended and will have to be fought for.
(b) Movement along existing tracks will subject to frequent ambushes, booby
traps and sniping.
(c) It will not be possible to carry heavy equipment. All loads may have to be
carried on man pack basis.
(d) Concentration of troops and build up of administration will take longer in
time than elsewhere.
(e) Reserves will have to be kept well forward

Question 9

effects of restricted visibility are as follows:

Answer 9

(a) Troops get a feeling of over powering loneliness and fear.
(b) The defender is forced to observe in all direction and the slightest noise or
sound is magnified but difficult to locate.
(c) Create the same problems as for night operation i.e.
(i) Difficulty in command and control.
(ii) Small frontages.
(iii) More time required for preparation and recce.
(iv) Shorter intervals in moves.
(v) Limited objectives in the attack.
(vi) Difficulty in maintaining direction.
(vii) Need for silence.
(viii) Jungle inoculation becomes a vital part of training to overcome
fear.