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Psychology- Psychopathology P1 > Characteristics of depression, OCD and phobias > Flashcards

Characteristics of depression, OCD and phobias Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a phobia?

A
  • irrational, extreme fear of objects or situations (social)
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2
Q

examples of phobias:

A
  • arachnophobia= spiders
  • claustrophobia= confined spaces
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3
Q

behavioural characteristics of phobias:

A
  • avoidance
  • panic
  • failure to function
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4
Q

what is avoidance?

A
  • physically adapting normal behaviour to avoid phobic objects
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5
Q

what is panic?

A
  • uncontrollable physical response
  • most likely to happen at presence of phobic object
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6
Q

what is failure to function?

A
  • difficulty in taking part in activities required to perform a normal life
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7
Q

emotional characteristics of phobias:

A
  • anxiety
  • fear
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8
Q

what is anxiety (phobias)?

A
  • uncomfortably high and persistent state of arousal, making it difficult to relax
  • heightened anxiety when the individual is likely to encounter the phobia
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9
Q

what is fear (phobia)?

A
  • intense emotional state
  • linked to fight-or-flight response
  • sensation of extreme and unpleasant alertness in the presence of the phobia
  • only subsides when phobic object is removed
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10
Q

cognitive characteristics of phobias:

A
  • irrational thoughts (fears)
  • reduced cognitive capacity
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11
Q

what are irrational thoughts (fears)?

A
  • negative and irrational mental processes
  • exaggerated belief in the harm th phobic object could cause
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12
Q

what is reduced cognitive capacity?

A
  • people with a phobia cant concentrate on day-to-day activities like work
  • excessive attentional focus on the phobic objects
  • constant concerns about potential danger they’re in
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13
Q

what is depression?

A
  • a mood disorder
  • constant and long lasting sense of sadness
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14
Q

behavioural characteristics of depression:

A
  • reduction in activity levels
  • change in eating behaviour
  • increases aggression
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15
Q

what is a reduction in activity levels?

A
  • lethargy
  • lacking energy needed to perform everyday activities
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16
Q

what is anhedonia?

A
  • lack of pleasure usually felt doing enjoyable activities
  • leading to reduction in social behaviour
17
Q

what is a change in eating behaviour?

A
  • often results in significant weight gain or weight loss
18
Q

what is an increase in aggression?

A
  • aggression towards other people
  • can also take form as self harm
19
Q

Emotional characteristics of depression:

A
  • sadness
  • guilt
20
Q

what is sadness?

A
  • persistent, very low mood
21
Q

what is guilt?

A
  • helplessness
  • feeling that they have no value in comparison to other people
22
Q

what is lack of concentration?

A
  • cant give their full attention to tasks
  • indecisive in decision making
22
Q

cognitive characteristics of depression:

A
  • lack of concentration
  • negative schemas
23
Q

what are negative schemas?

A
  • automatic negative biases when thinking about themselves, the world and the future
24
Q

what is OCD (obsessive compulsive disorders)?

A
  • constant intrusive thoughts that= high anxiety
  • compulsions that are a behavioral response
  • attempt to deal with invasive thought processes
25
Q

behavioural characteristics of OCD:

A
  • compulsions
  • avoidance
  • social impairments
26
Q

what are compulsions?

A
  • behaviours done repeatedly to reduce anxiety
  • anxiety reduction is temporary
27
Q

what is avoidance in OCD?

A
  • take or resist actions to avoid being in the presence of objects/ situations that trigger obsessions
28
Q

what is social impairment?

A
  • not doing enjoyable social activities
  • due to difficulty leaving the house without triggering obsessions
  • need to carry out compulsions becomes time consuming
29
Q

Emotional characteristics of OCD:

A
  • anxiety
  • depression
30
Q

what is anxiety (OCD)?

A
  • uncomfortably high and persistent state of arousal, making it difficult to relax
  • results from obsessions and constant worst case scenario thinking
31
Q

what is depression (OCD)?

A
  • constant and long lasting sense of sadness
  • unable to control anxiety causing thoughts
  • OCD symptoms taking over the sufferers life
  • leading to issues like social withdrawal
32
Q

Cognitive characteristics of OCD:

A
  • obsessions
  • hypervigilance
  • selective attention
33
Q

what are obsessions?

A
  • intrusive, irrational and recurrent thoughts
  • tend to be unpleasant and catastrophic thoughts about potential dangers
34
Q

what is hypervigilance?

A
  • permanent state of alertness
  • always looking for source of obsessive thoughts
35
Q

what is selective attention?

A
  • focused on the objects connected to their obsession
  • cant focus on other things in their environment or concentrate on conversations

Psychology- Psychopathology P1 (3 decks)

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