Characteristics of animals

Question 1

Why is it important to learn about animal diversity?

Answer 1

to protect biodiversity
and the knowledge of organisms

Question 2

What is an animal?

Answer 2

Multicellular organisms
Eukaryotic cells with no cell wall
Specailised tissues and organ system for nutrient and oxygen transport
Mobile at some point in their life, can move if they have loccomotion organs
Sensory/nervoussytems allow response to stimuli

Question 3

What is an heterotrophic animal?

Answer 3

Eat other organisms for energy and nutrients

Question 4

How do animals metabolise food?

Answer 4

Through biochemical pathways that uses aerobic respiration.

Question 5

Different types of reproduction

Answer 5

Asexual - by budding
Sexual - with eggs and sperm

Question 6

Evolution of 2 layered animal body plan

Answer 6

1. Colonial flagelltaed ancestor with unspecailised cells
2. cells become specaislised for feeding and other functions
3. developmental re-oganisation produced 2-layered animal (sac-in-sac body plan)

Question 7

Key morphological innovation in groups of animal evolution

Answer 7

Tissue structure
Body symmetry
Body cavity
Developmental patterns
Segmentation

Question 8

What is a tissue?

Answer 8

groups of cells with a common structure and function.
Divides animals into 2 branches:
1. Parazoa with no tissues
2. Eumetazoa with tissues

Question 9

What are the primary cell layers?

Answer 9

Ectoderm -outer most layer (outer covering NS)
Mesoderm - middle layer (Muscles and other structures between endo- and ectoderm)
Endoderm - inner most layer (gut lining)

Question 10

What is the characteristic of dipoblastic animals?

Answer 10

Only have endo- and ectoderm

Question 11

What is the characteristic of tripoblastic animals?

Answer 11

Have ecto-, meso- and endoderm

Question 12

Body symmetry patterns

Answer 12

No cephalisation - no anterior or posterior ends, dorsal and ventral, cant be cut into left and right. (starfish)
Cephalisation - has anterior and posterior ends, dorsal and ventral and can be cut into left and right sides. (lobster)

Question 13

Triploblastic animal body cavities

Answer 13

Acoelomate - gut and muscles are not seperated by a body cavity
Psuedocoelemate - gut and muscles is separted by a pseudocoelem (fluid-filled space)
Coleomate - has a coelem, true body cavity, that contains the gut.

Question 14

developmental patterns of animals

Answer 14

Protosomes - mostly invertabrates
Deuterosomes - echinoderms, hemichordates, chordates (vertabrates)

Question 15

Segmentation

Answer 15

production of body parts as repeating units
Vertabrate - mesodermal tissues
Increased flexibility
Invertabrates - mesoderm, ecto- and endoderm
Internal organs are repeated
Animals can survive the loss of individual segments

Question 16

What characteristics distinguish animals from fungi and plants?

Answer 16

Eukaryotes and multicellular and hetertrophic

Question 17

how do the ability of animals to move through the environment relate to the way they take up nutrients and energy?

Answer 17

Sedentary animals can search for their own food.

Question 18

What is a tissue, and what 3 primary tissue layers are present in the embryo in most animals?
What layer is absent from diploblastic?

Answer 18

Tissue id a group if cells that have the same function and structure.
Endoderm, Mesoderm and ectoderm.
The mesoderm is absent from diploblastic animals.

Question 19

What type of body symmetry do humans have?

Answer 19

Bilateral

Question 20

What is the functional significance of the coelom?

Answer 20

It seperates the gut and muscles into a seprate body cavity.

Question 21

What does segmented bodies allows some animals to do?

Answer 21

Survive if they lose a body segment.

Question 22

What types of body cavities are found in the deuterosomes and protosomes?

Answer 22

Deuterosome have a coelom and protosomes are pseudocoelomate.