addictive beheaviours

Question 1

Addiction definitions?

Answer 1

World Health Organization definition:
‘Repeated use of a psychoactive substance or substances to the extent that the user is periodically or chronically intoxicated, shows a compulsion to take the preferred substance, has great difficulty in voluntarily ceasing or modifying substance use, and exhibits determination to obtain psychoactive substances by almost any means’
Many approaches towards addiction can take too narrow an approach and do not consider the range of ways that addiction can present itself and be identified.

From the NHS ,
‘not having control over doing, taking, or using something to the point where it could be harmful

ASAM - American Society of Addiction Medicine
“a primary product disease of the brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circulatory, dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic, biological, social, and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pursuing reward and / or relief by substance use and other behaviours.”

Question 2

Who put addiction into 6 components?

Answer 2

Griffith 2005

Question 3

Salience?

Answer 3

refers to a particular activity that becomes the most important thing in the addicts life and dominates the thinking, feelings and behaviour

Question 4

What are the 6 components of addiction?

Answer 4

Salience
Mood modification
Tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms
Conflict
Relapse

Question 5

Mood modification?

Answer 5

The subjective experience that people report as a consequence of engaging in a particular activity, for example, the nicotine rush from cigarettes or the highs from drugs or gambling.

Question 6

Tolerance?

Answer 6

this is the process where incresing amounts of the particular activity are required to achieve the previous effects in the case of drugs; this can mean needing higher doses to achieve the same effects that the addicts used to experience

Question 7

Withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 7

unpleasant feelings or physical effects that occur when a person stops satisfying their addiction

Question 8

Conflict?

Answer 8

This includes interpersonal conflict such as incidence with spouses, siblings, or peers : intrapersonal conflict, meaning issues with one’s own thoughts and feelings, as well as activity conflicts such as with education, work, or hobbies.

Question 9

Relapse?

Answer 9

the addict reverting to typical addictive patterns or behaviour after managing periods of abstinence or control

Question 10

Glen Walters 4 P’s?

Answer 10

Developed his own characteristic for addiction
Preoccupation
Persistent
Progression
Perceived

Question 11

Preoccupation?

Answer 11

when the addict is engrosses by their addictive stimulus

Question 12

Persistent?

Answer 12

when the addict continues to engage in the addictive stimulus in spite of difficulty and conflict.

Question 13

Progression?

Answer 13

when the addict continues to engage in the addictive stimulus in an increasing manner as their tolerance increases.

Question 14

Perceived?

Answer 14

when the addict feels like they have lost control when in fact they may not have

Question 15

Until recently, the term addiction purely focused on?

Answer 15

Physiological dependence on substances, i.e drugs or alcohol

Question 16

Physical dependence refers to?

Answer 16

having adapted to a drug to the extent that tolerance is developed and then can lead to the signs and symptoms of withdrawal during abstinence.

Question 17

Why is addiction not the same concept as physical dependence?

Answer 17

as it is possible to be physically dependent yet not addicted.

Question 18

Summar + extra information?

Answer 18

Definitions of addiction should encompass withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, and both physical and psychological dependence. Withdrawal syndromes arise when an individual reduces or stops using the addictive substance, leading to unpleasant symptoms like insomnia and nausea. Consequently, addicts are driven to continue their behaviors to avoid withdrawal and maintain positive effects.

Question 19

Tolerance?

Answer 19

Tolerance occurs when higher doses of a drug are needed to achieve the desired effect, leading to increased usage. Physical dependence is marked by withdrawal symptoms that lessen with drug administration, indicating the body cannot function normally without it. In contrast, psychological dependence involves a compulsion to obtain the drug or engage in the behavior to experience pleasure, reinforcing habitual use through a cycle of reward.