characteristics and types of aphasia Flashcards
1
Q
anomia/dysnomia
A
- difficulty with word retrieval without a memory deficit
2
Q
speech fluency
A
- prosodic, melodic characteristics of speech and articulatory agility
3
Q
phrase length
A
- typically long in WA, CA, TSA, anomic
- typically short in BA, GA, TMA
4
Q
paraphasias
A
- speech errors
- literal/phonemic paraphasias
- semantic paraphasias
- neologisms
5
Q
literal/phonemic paraphasias
A
- sound substitutions
- shooshbruss for toothbrush
6
Q
verbal/semantic paraphasias
A
- substituting word in same category
- door for window
7
Q
neologisms
A
- substituting for nonwords
- sklerver for hammer
8
Q
repetition
A
- important for differential dx
- relatively preserved or impaired
- key feature for TMA and TSA is that repetition is generally spared
9
Q
language comprehension
A
- ability to decode and comprehend verbal input
- rarely entirely preserved in Broca’s, although a relative strength, severely discorded in Wernicke’s
10
Q
circumlocutions
A
- talking around target word to convey meaning
11
Q
emotional lability
A
- tendency to be openly emote, uncharacteristic of personality
12
Q
agrammatism
A
- deficit in formulating and processing syntax
13
Q
stereotypy
A
- language output characterized by the production of the same word/set of words/non-words, regardless of intended meaning
14
Q
perseveration
A
- present with almost all types of aphasia
- recurrent perseveration: recurrence of a previous response to next stimulus
- continuous perseveration: continuation of behavior when no longer appropriate
- stuck-in-set perseveration: inappropriate persistence of a task/activity
- semantic perseveration: repeating prior word semantically related
- lexical/verbal perseveration: repeating a prior, unrelated word - most common in aphasia!
- phonemic perseveration: response retains phonemic characteristics of a prior word
15
Q
nonfluent aphasia
A
- generate few words or utterances
- better comprehension than expression
- frontal lobe/anterior/expressive aphasia
- motor speech impairments can also create these deficits
16
Q
fluent aphasia
A
- speak with minimal hesitations/effort
- impaired comprehension and meaning of spoken words
- temporal/posterior/receptive aphasia
- speak and write readily with normal prosody and rate
17
Q
areas the Boston classification system targets
A
- articulatory agility
- phrase length
- grammar
- melodic line
- paraphasias
- word finding
- sentence repetition
- auditory comprehension
18
Q
areas Western classification system targets
A
- fluency
- auditory comprehension
- repetition
- naming/word finding
19
Q
Broca’s Aphasia
A
- may be associated with damage to left inferior frontal lobe
- anomia, short phrases that are slow and effortful
- abnormal prosody and rhythm
- telegraphic, agrammatic speech with poor repetition and phonemic paraphasias
- relatively good comprehension, but not intact
20
Q
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
A
- may be associated with damage to watershed region of anterior-superior frontal lobe
- anomia, short phrases, good comprehension, effortful communication
- similar profile to Broca’s
- preserved repetition skills - hallmark!
21
Q
Wernicke’s Aphasia
A
- may be associated with damage in central or posterior superior left temporal lobe
- poor comprehension of speech and writing, poor repetition
- normal rate, phrase length, effortless, normal intonation/prosody and rhythm
- anomia, high semantic paraphasias, perseveration, jargon
- logorrhea/press of speech
22
Q
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
A
- may be associated with damage to watershed region in left parietal lobe
- significant anomia, poor comprehension
- fluent and effortless speech with good prosody and grammar
- semantic paraphasias
- often echolalic
- similar profile to Wernicke’s but with preserved repetition - hallmark!
23
Q
Global Aphasia
A
- associated with massive damage to perisylvian region
- profound impairment of all speech-language parameters
- profound anomia
- often nonverbal, or stereotypy only
- poor prognosis, but may evolve to another aphasia classification
24
Q
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia
A
- similar features to global aphasia, but with intact repetition
25
Q
Conduction Aphasia
A
- may be associated with damage to left temporal/parietal lobes affecting transmission of info along arcuate fasiculus
- fairly good comprehension and average phrase length with fluent production
- anomia and literal/phonemic paraphasias that are often self-corrected
- extremely poor repetition - hallmark!
26
Q
Mixed Nonfluent Aphasia
A
- global aphasia that transitions to Broca’s aphasia overtime and during recovery
- severe anomia, poor comprehension, poor repetition
- patient recovering from global aphasia
- stereotypical utterances with some sparse meaningful speech produced with effort, paraphasias, perseverations
27
Q
Anomic Aphasia
A
- word finding difficulty, disrupting fluency
- varies by lesion sites
- average phrase length, good comprehension, intact repetition
- high circumlocutions
- occasional semantic paraphasias
28
Q
Crossed Aphasia
A
- due to damage on non-language hemisphere, typically the right
- rare, less than 3%
- likely to have concomitant right hemisphere syndrome
29
Q
subcortical aphasias
A
- lesion in subcortical or mostly subcortical sites
30
Q
Thalamic Aphasia
A
- lesion in thalamus
- anomia, variable phrase length and comprehension, good repetition
- hypophonic, paraphasic, perseverative
- bizarre word substitutions
- grammatical
- word finding problem, interrupting flow of speech
31
Q
Anterior Capsular/Putaminal Aphasia
A
- capsular/putaminal lesions extending into white matter
- similar to thalamic aphasia, but also with dysarthria, phonemic/semantic paraphasias, and inconsistent grammatical constructions
32
Q
Posterior Capsular/Putaminal Aphasia
A
- capsular/putaminal lesions extending into posterior white matter
- similar to anterior capsular/putaminal aphasia, but poor comprehension and repetition, with well-articulated, grammatical speech
- semantic, phonemic, and neologistic paraphasias
33
Q
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)
A
- unique to other types of aphasias
- dementia syndrome that is neurodegenerative
- gradual onset of symptoms
- symptoms progressively get worse; cannot be improved or stabilized
- considered an aphasia because it entails a loss of previously acquired language abilities due to a neurological cause
- deficits include: semantic, logopenic, agrammaticn 11
