Chaptwr 3

Question 1

Physiology is the study of the ____&____ performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes

Answer 1

Functions / activities

Question 2

3 layers of the skin

Answer 2

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

Question 3

Aka integumentary system/ largest organ in the body.

Answer 3

Skin

Question 4

Appendages of the skin include

Answer 4

Hair/nails/sweat/glands/and oil glands

Question 5

Are the most abundant in the finger tips and are designed to be one of the most sensitive parts of the body

Answer 5

Sensory nerve fibers

Question 6

The skin is a thin, yet strong,___ Barrier to the outside elements and microorganisms

Answer 6

Protective

Question 7

Is the protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water

Answer 7

Acid mantle

Question 8

The acid mantle has an average pH of

Answer 8

5.5

Question 9

Is the skin’s mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss

Answer 9

Barrier function

Question 10

The water loss caused by evaporation of the skin’s surface

Answer 10

Transepidermal water loss

Question 11

Is the cement mortar between the bricks that holds everything together

Answer 11

Intercellular matrix

Question 12

The body’s average internal thermostat is set at

Answer 12

98.6 Fahrenheit

Question 13

Aka sweat glands/ excrete perspiration

Answer 13

Sudriferous glands

Question 14

It’s an oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both the skin and the hair

Answer 14

Sebum

Question 15

Aka oil glands/ are appendages attached to follicles that produce sebum

Answer 15

Sebaceous glands

Question 16

Is 25 times more thicker than the epidermis/ consist of 2 layers: reticular layer below and the papillary layer above.

Answer 16

Dermis

Question 17

Damage to elastin fibers as they break down is the primary cause of ______,____,______ loss of elasticity in the skin

Answer 17

Sagging/ wrinkles/ intrinsic aging

Question 18

Are cause by damaged elastin fibers

Answer 18

Stretch marks

Question 19

Some states define the esthetician’s scope of practice as “not beyond the the DEJ” meaning the esthetician cannot

Answer 19

Treat the skin beyond the epidermis

Question 20

The epidermis is composed of the five layers called strata:

Answer 20

Stratum germinativum/ spinosum/granulosum/lucidum/corneum

Question 21

The germination or growth layer/ bottom layer

Answer 21

Stratum germinativum

Question 22

The spiny cells

Answer 22

Stratum spinosum

Question 23

The grainy cells

Answer 23

Stratum granulosum

Question 24

The clear cells/ present only where the skin is thick; on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands

Answer 24

Stratum lucidum

Question 25

The horny cells

Answer 25

Stratum corneum

Question 26

Composed of keratin, comprise 95% of the epidermis

Answer 26

Keratinocytes

Question 27

Stem cells undergo continuous _____ (mitosis) to replenish the skin cells that are regularly shed from the surface

Answer 27

Cell division

Question 28

Is where everything starts or germinates. Basal means the fundamental or basic layer

Answer 28

Stratum germinativum

Question 29

Are cells that produce pigment granules in the nasal layer

Answer 29

Melanocytes

Question 30

Al granular layer/ composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin

Answer 30

Stratum granulosum

Question 31

Stratum lucidum

Answer 31

Thin clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum

Question 32

This layer is thickest on the ___ of the hands and the __ of the feet

Answer 32

Palms and soles

Question 33

Keratinocytes are continually shed from the skin in a process called

Answer 33

Desquamation

Question 34

The average adult cell turn over is every ___ depending on the persons lifestyle, age and health

Answer 34

28 days

Question 35

The keratinocytes on the surface of the skin are also called

Answer 35

Squamous (flat scaly) keratinized cells

Question 36

Differences in genetic skin color are due to the amount of ____ activated in the skin

Answer 36

Melanin

Question 37

Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as__/ some are called

Answer 37

Brightening agents / tyrosine’s inhibitors

Question 38

Abnormalities such as extremely curly hair or rapidly growing bacteria and the inability of the follicle to take in ____/ along with excessive ___ production, can contribute to ___ hairs and folliculitis.

Answer 38

Oxygen, sebum, ingrown

Question 39

Technical term for the nail

Answer 39

Onyx

Question 40

Fingernails grow faster than ___ over the summer. Lengthen about 1/10 inch to 1/8 in per month.

Answer 40

Toenails

Question 41

Takes a fingernail about __ to fully grow out

Answer 41

4-6 months

Question 42

Are cordlike bundles of fiber made. Up of neurons through which sensory stimuli and motor impulses

Answer 42

Nerves

Question 43

Nerve fibers stimulate muscles. Regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum

Answer 43

Motor or efferent nerve fibers

Question 44

Secrete oil

Answer 44

Sebaceous glands

Question 45

Excrete sweat

Answer 45

Sudoriferous glands

Question 46

Are large on the face and scalp than the rest of the body

Answer 46

Sebaceous glands

Question 47

Are hormones that trigger biological reactions or communicate signals to others.

Answer 47

Pheromones

Question 48

Excess fluid loss can result in the loss of

Answer 48

Electrolytes

Question 49

Their secretions are released through the oil glands

Answer 49

Apocrine glands

Question 50

In order to survive, cells need important elements;

Answer 50

Nourishment, protection,ability to function through respiration, circulations, elimination of wastes, continuous replacement of proliferation

Question 51

Is a type of lymphocyte

Answer 51

T cell

Question 52

T cells attack the virus infected _/ get their name from their the ___

Answer 52

Cells/ thymus glands

Question 53

Removes and depleted lipids

Answer 53

Exfoliation

Question 54

Ahas, alpha lipoeic acid, and other growth factors stimulate

Answer 54

Skin cell turn overs

Question 55

The ____&&&_____ have the greatest impact on how our skin ages

Answer 55

Sun and UV electromagnetic radiation

Question 56

% of our aging is caused by sun exposure

Answer 56

80-85

Question 57

Aka burning rays/ tanning aging and cancer

Answer 57

UVB radiation

Question 58

Vital to neutralize the chain reaction. Proteins enzymes vitamins and metabolites are all

Answer 58

Antioxidants

Question 59

Aging process involves damages structures and tissues that gradually accumulate thru the body during a process called

Answer 59

Glycation

Question 60

As ___ is depleted skin begins to lose its tone

Answer 60

Estrogen

Question 61

Often suggested to balance estrogen for women experiencing menopause/ may be linked to breast cancer

Answer 61

Hormone replacement therapy