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Chapter 3 > Chaptwr 3 > Flashcards

Chaptwr 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology is the study of the ____&____ performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes

A

Functions / activities

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2
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

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3
Q

Aka integumentary system/ largest organ in the body.

A

Skin

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4
Q

Appendages of the skin include

A

Hair/nails/sweat/glands/and oil glands

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5
Q

Are the most abundant in the finger tips and are designed to be one of the most sensitive parts of the body

A

Sensory nerve fibers

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6
Q

The skin is a thin, yet strong,___ Barrier to the outside elements and microorganisms

A

Protective

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7
Q

Is the protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water

A

Acid mantle

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8
Q

The acid mantle has an average pH of

A

5.5

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9
Q

Is the skin’s mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss

A

Barrier function

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10
Q

The water loss caused by evaporation of the skin’s surface

A

Transepidermal water loss

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11
Q

Is the cement mortar between the bricks that holds everything together

A

Intercellular matrix

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12
Q

The body’s average internal thermostat is set at

A

98.6 Fahrenheit

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13
Q

Aka sweat glands/ excrete perspiration

A

Sudriferous glands

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14
Q

It’s an oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both the skin and the hair

A

Sebum

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15
Q

Aka oil glands/ are appendages attached to follicles that produce sebum

A

Sebaceous glands

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16
Q

Is 25 times more thicker than the epidermis/ consist of 2 layers: reticular layer below and the papillary layer above.

A

Dermis

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17
Q

Damage to elastin fibers as they break down is the primary cause of ______,____,______ loss of elasticity in the skin

A

Sagging/ wrinkles/ intrinsic aging

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18
Q

Are cause by damaged elastin fibers

A

Stretch marks

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19
Q

Some states define the esthetician’s scope of practice as “not beyond the the DEJ” meaning the esthetician cannot

A

Treat the skin beyond the epidermis

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20
Q

The epidermis is composed of the five layers called strata:

A

Stratum germinativum/ spinosum/granulosum/lucidum/corneum

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21
Q

The germination or growth layer/ bottom layer

A

Stratum germinativum

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22
Q

The spiny cells

A

Stratum spinosum

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23
Q

The grainy cells

A

Stratum granulosum

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24
Q

The clear cells/ present only where the skin is thick; on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands

A

Stratum lucidum

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25
Q

The horny cells

A

Stratum corneum

26
Q

Composed of keratin, comprise 95% of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

27
Q

Stem cells undergo continuous _____ (mitosis) to replenish the skin cells that are regularly shed from the surface

A

Cell division

28
Q

Is where everything starts or germinates. Basal means the fundamental or basic layer

A

Stratum germinativum

29
Q

Are cells that produce pigment granules in the nasal layer

A

Melanocytes

30
Q

Al granular layer/ composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin

A

Stratum granulosum

31
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Thin clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum

32
Q

This layer is thickest on the ___ of the hands and the __ of the feet

A

Palms and soles

33
Q

Keratinocytes are continually shed from the skin in a process called

A

Desquamation

34
Q

The average adult cell turn over is every ___ depending on the persons lifestyle, age and health

A

28 days

35
Q

The keratinocytes on the surface of the skin are also called

A

Squamous (flat scaly) keratinized cells

36
Q

Differences in genetic skin color are due to the amount of ____ activated in the skin

A

Melanin

37
Q

Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as__/ some are called

A

Brightening agents / tyrosine’s inhibitors

38
Q

Abnormalities such as extremely curly hair or rapidly growing bacteria and the inability of the follicle to take in ____/ along with excessive ___ production, can contribute to ___ hairs and folliculitis.

A

Oxygen, sebum, ingrown

39
Q

Technical term for the nail

A

Onyx

40
Q

Fingernails grow faster than ___ over the summer. Lengthen about 1/10 inch to 1/8 in per month.

A

Toenails

41
Q

Takes a fingernail about __ to fully grow out

A

4-6 months

42
Q

Are cordlike bundles of fiber made. Up of neurons through which sensory stimuli and motor impulses

A

Nerves

43
Q

Nerve fibers stimulate muscles. Regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum

A

Motor or efferent nerve fibers

44
Q

Secrete oil

A

Sebaceous glands

45
Q

Excrete sweat

A

Sudoriferous glands

46
Q

Are large on the face and scalp than the rest of the body

A

Sebaceous glands

47
Q

Are hormones that trigger biological reactions or communicate signals to others.

A

Pheromones

48
Q

Excess fluid loss can result in the loss of

A

Electrolytes

49
Q

Their secretions are released through the oil glands

A

Apocrine glands

50
Q

In order to survive, cells need important elements;

A

Nourishment, protection,ability to function through respiration, circulations, elimination of wastes, continuous replacement of proliferation

51
Q

Is a type of lymphocyte

A

T cell

52
Q

T cells attack the virus infected _/ get their name from their the ___

A

Cells/ thymus glands

53
Q

Removes and depleted lipids

A

Exfoliation

54
Q

Ahas, alpha lipoeic acid, and other growth factors stimulate

A

Skin cell turn overs

55
Q

The ____&&&_____ have the greatest impact on how our skin ages

A

Sun and UV electromagnetic radiation

56
Q

% of our aging is caused by sun exposure

A

80-85

57
Q

Aka burning rays/ tanning aging and cancer

A

UVB radiation

58
Q

Vital to neutralize the chain reaction. Proteins enzymes vitamins and metabolites are all

A

Antioxidants

59
Q

Aging process involves damages structures and tissues that gradually accumulate thru the body during a process called

A

Glycation

60
Q

As ___ is depleted skin begins to lose its tone

A

Estrogen

61
Q

Often suggested to balance estrogen for women experiencing menopause/ may be linked to breast cancer

A

Hormone replacement therapy

Chapter 3 (1 decks)

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