Chapther 1 Flashcards
Como é que Nogales está divido?
Nogales está dividido em duas partes: the north is part of the USA territory located in the Santa Cruz County of Arizona. The south is part of Mexico more specific Sonora.
Why these two locations are so different?
There is no difference in geography, climate or the types of diseases prevalent in this area. The background is the same.
The difference is based on the type of institutions that rule them.
The incentives provided from the institutions and the countries they are in are the reason for the differences in economic prosperity and divergence of the way the society is structured.
Why are the institutions of the USA so much more conductive to economic success than those of Mexico?
The awnser lies in the way different societies formed during the early colonial period. An institutional divergence took place then, with implications lasting into present day.
Who is Juan Diaz de Solís
He is a Spanish sailor, that in 1516 sailed into a wide estuary on the Eastern Seabord of South America
Who they found in the Rio de la Plata?
The indegenous people on either side of the river were the Charruas ( in what is now Uruguay) and the Querandi ( where is now modern Argentina)
Which name was given to the river that Juan Diaz saled and why was it called like that?
The river’s name was called Rio de La Plata, since the local people possessed silver.
Who and when the Spanish founded Buenos Aires?
Under the leadership of Pedro de Mendoza, the spanish founded a town on the site of Buenos Aires in 1534
Why Argentina was not a successful aquisiction?
The local people could not be forced into providing labor. The area had no silver or gold to exploit, and the silver that de Solis found had actually come all the way from the Inca state in the Andes.
Which and why the expeditions under Juan de Ayolas leadership was successful?
In 1537, they penetrated up the Paraná river, and end up finding the Ayolas. This people were sedentary people with an agricultural economy. They end up being able to adapt the existing system of forced labor.
Who was Hernán Cortes
Cortés was a spanish colonizer that invaded Mexico in 1519.
Who was the tribe living in Mexico during Cortés arrival?
The spanish arrived at the Aztec capital (tenochtitlan) in 1519 and were welcomed by the Moctezuma, the Aztec emperor, peacefully
What is the encomienda
was a system where Spanish adventurers and settlers were granted the legal right to extract forced labour from indigenous tribal chiefs in the Americas colonies of the Spanish Empire.
Who was Bartolomé de las Casas?
A Dominican priest who created the Spanish colonial system called encomienda
Who was Francisco de Toledo
To exploit the silver in there colonies, the spanish needed miners. The Spanish sent this chief Spanish colonial official whose main mission was to solve this problem
What “reducciones” mean’s in this historical period?
Literally reductions, but the context, after arriving in Peru, Toledo needed to find more people to work, for this he decided to concentrate the entire indigenous population in new towns that were given the name of reductions, which would facilitate the exploitation of labor
What was the “mita”?
In the Incas language means “ a turn”. This was a system that the Incas had used forced labor to run plantations designed to provide food for temples, the aristocracy and the army
What is the repartimiento de mercancias?
“repartimento” literally means “the distribution of goods” involved the forced sale of goods to locals at prices determined by the Spanish
What is the “trajin”?
This means “burden”, which used the indigenous people to carry heavy loads of goods as substitutes for pack animals
