Chapters required Flashcards
What are characteristics of prokaryotes?
lack nucleus
lack internal membrane systems
are unicellular
ribosomes are small
plasmids
replicates entire genome at once
What is a bacterial plasma membrane referred as?
a protoplast
What 3 layers make up the cell envelope?
the plasma membrane, cell wall, and a slime layer
Why is the plasma membrane so significant ?
it is location of several crucial metabolic processes: respiration, photosynthesis, the synthesis of lipids and cell wall constituents.
Nutrient and waste transport
What does hydrophilic mean?
polar (water-loving)
What is passive diffusion ?
move from a region of HIGH to LOW concentration
What is active transport preferred by microbes?
live in environments with low concentration of nutrients- take nutrients against concentration gradient LOW to HIGH
What did louis Pasteur discover?
The importance of sterilizing and how airborne contaminants lead to microbial growth.
-Developed the idea of pasteurization. Significant advancements in vaccines.
What did Robert Koch do?
Discovered that bacteria can cause disease.
What is unique about bacterial plasma membrane ?
-ester linked phospholipids
what is unique about archaea ?
GLYCEROL diethers form lipid bilayers
Glycerol tetraethers form lipid monolayers
Composed of unique lipids
what is the function of the cell wall?
to protect cell from osmotic lysis
-protect from toxic substances
-contribute to the ability of a pathogen to cause disease
What is the cell wall of archaea composed of ?
polysaccharides and glycoconjugates (sugars and proteins)
what color is gram positive cell
purple
what does gram positive cell contain?
thick peptidoglycan
contain teichoic acids (anchors walls to plasma membrane)
maintains cell envelope
may bind to host cells
s layer
