Chapters 9-12

Question 1

Who took northern part of Italy, pope crowned their kings head in hopes of winning their goodwill, and caused popes to turn to the Franks?

Answer 1

German tribe called Lombards (longbeards)

Question 2

Who put the last Frankish king of the line of Clovis in a monastery and put himself on the throne?

Answer 2

Pepin the Short

Question 3

Who gave the conclusion popes could give and take away kingdoms beginning a tremendous struggle between papacy and empire?

Answer 3

Pepin

Question 4

What did Charlemagne (Charles the Great) stand for?

Answer 4

1) law & order
2) civilization or culture
3) Christianity

Question 5

Who’s realm was a Christian island in the ocean of heathen & Islam?

Answer 5

Charlemagne (Charles the Great)

Question 6

Who was thought to have been the first pope and Bishops of Rome thought to be successors of?

Answer 6

Peter

Question 7

Who held the most important office of the entire West?

Answer 7

Bishop of Rome - there was no emperor of Rome

Question 8

What removed possible rivals to Rome?

Answer 8

Muslim conquests of other areas

Question 9

The two most known documents that used fraud and deceit to strengthen popes position and authority are:

Answer 9

1) donation of Constantine
2) Isidorian deretals

Question 10

Who believed the pope is the ruler of the entire Church and made the greatest claim to papal power?

Answer 10

Pope Nicholas I

Question 11

Donation of constantine

Answer 11

Fraudulent document that claimed emperor Constantine was cured of leprosy from popes prayers and bestowed popes sovereignty over western half of the empire.

Question 12

Isidorian deretals

Answer 12

Fraudulent document that stated the popes and bishops were not subject to secular governments.

Question 13

Why did most people in Europe live in the country in the early Middle Ages?

Answer 13

Barbarian invasions made it so there were no large cities

Question 14

What is feudalism?

Answer 14

System based on dividing land and giving it to nobles and tenants under agreement of military aid and service

Question 15

What are vassals?

Answer 15

Those who received land upon condition of military aid and service.

Question 16

What is political result of feudalism?

Answer 16

Decentralization - no countries were unified under strong central government

Question 17

Who was involved in feudal system?

Answer 17

Everyone in Europe, including popes (emperors looked at popes as their vassals)

Question 18

Who controlled and appointed the popes?

Answer 18

Whichever Italian noble family was in power at that time. The families were continually fighting each other for supremacy. No less than 20 popes from 891-955

Question 19

What is the Holy Roman Empire?

Answer 19

Pope John XII looked to German king Otto for aid and crowned him Emperor. This restored the empire in the West and connected it with Germany. No longer just Italian popes.

Question 20

Who was Pope Benedict IX?

Answer 20

Made pope by Italian party in control at the time, only 12 years old, one of the worst characters to occupy papal seat, sold the office for 1000lbs of silver, and refused to surrender it after large outcry of this simony.

Question 21

What is simony?

Answer 21

Sinful practice of giving or obtaining an appointment to a church office for money.

Question 22

What did the church in the West come to be known as and what race was a majority of its members?

Answer 22

The Latin church, Germanic race

Question 23

What did the church separate into?

Answer 23

Western church and Eastern church

Question 24

What language did the Eastern church speak?

Answer 24

Greek