Chapters 9-11

Question 1

Parenting Styles

Answer 1

Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritative, and Neglectful

Question 2

Animism

Answer 2

Tendency to attribute life to objects that are not alive.

Question 3

Sub

Stages

Answer 3

Symbolic function ages(2-4), and Intuitive thought ages(4-7)

Question 4

Pre Operational

Answer 4

The second major stage of cognitive development, in which children become more sophisticated in their use of symbolic thought but are not yet able to use logic-ages(2-7)

Question 5

Self Esteem

Answer 5

Judgement a person makes about his or her self-worth

Question 6

Self Concepts

Answer 6

Descriptive and evaluative mental picture of ones abilities and traits

Question 7

Self Descriptions

Answer 7

Cluster of characteristics used to describe oneself

Question 8

Self Conscious Emotions

Answer 8

Emotions such as embarrassment empathy and envy that depend on self awareness

Question 9

Types of Play

Answer 9

functional, constructive, dramatic, formal games with rules

Question 10

Different Speeches

Answer 10

Pragmatics, social speech, private speech,

Question 11

Scaffolding

Answer 11

Temporary support to help a child master a task

Question 12

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 12

Difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help.

Question 13

Gross motor skills

Answer 13

Physical skills that involve the large muscles

Question 14

Fine motor skills

Answer 14

Physical skills that involve the small muscles and eye-hand coordination

Question 15

Systems of actions

Answer 15

Increasingly complex combinations of skills that permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment

Question 16

Handedness

Answer 16

Preference for using a particular hand

Question 17

Symbolic Function

Answer 17

Ability to use mental representations(words, numbers, or images) to which a child has attached meaning

Question 18

Intuitive thought

Answer 18

child begins to develop reasoning by asking a lot of questions

Question 19

Pretend play

Answer 19

Play involving imaginary people or situations also called fantasy play, dramatic play, or imaginary play

Question 20

Transduction

Answer 20

proportional Childs tendency to mentally link particular experiences, whether or not there is logically a casual relationship

Question 21

Centration

Answer 21

Tendency of proportional children to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others

Question 22

Decenter

Answer 22

to think simultaneously about several aspects of a situation

Question 23

Egocentrism

Answer 23

Inability to consider another person’s point of view a characteristic of young children’s thought

Question 24

Conservation

Answer 24

Awareness that two objects that are equal according to a certain measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long as nothing has been added to or taken away from either object

Question 25

Irreversibility

Answer 25

failure to understand that an operation can go in two or more directions

Question 26

theory of mind

Answer 26

Awareness and understanding of mental processes

Question 27

Encoding

Answer 27

Process by which information is prepared for long-term storage and later retrieval

Question 28

storage

Answer 28

Retention of information in memory for future use

Question 29

Sensory Memory

Answer 29

Initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information

Question 30

Working memory

Answer 30

Short-term storage of information being actively processed

Question 31

Executive Function

Answer 31

Consious control of thoughts emotions and actions to solve problems

Question 32

Long-term memory

Answer 32

Storage of virtually unlimited capacity that holds information for long periods

Question 33

Central Executive

Answer 33

element of working memory that controls the processing of information

Question 34

Generic memory

Answer 34

Produces scripts of familliar routines to guide behavior

Question 35

Script

Answer 35

Outline of a familliar repeated event used to guide behavior

Question 36

Episodic memory

Answer 36

Long term memory of specific experiences or events linked to time and place

Question 37

Autobiographical memory

Answer 37

A type of episodic memory of distinctive experiences that form a persons life history

Question 38

Fast mapping

Answer 38

child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it one or two times in conversation

Question 39

Pragmatics

Answer 39

Knowledge needed to use language for communicative purposes

Question 40

Social speech

Answer 40

intended to be understood by a listener

Question 41

Private speech

Answer 41

talking aloud to oneself with no intent

Question 42

Gender roles

Answer 42

Behaviors, Interests, Attitudes, skills, and traits that a culture considers appropriate

Question 43

Gender-typing

Answer 43

Socializing process whereby children at an early age

Question 44

dramatic play

Answer 44

involving imaginary people or situations

Question 45

functional play

Answer 45

lowest level of play involving repetitive muscular movements

Question 46

Constructive Play

Answer 46

use of objects or materials to make something

Question 47

Withdrawal of love

Answer 47

Involves ignoring, isolating, or showing dislike for a child

Question 48

Authoritarian

Answer 48

control and obedience

Question 49

permissive

Answer 49

self expression

Question 50

Authoritative

Answer 50

effort to instill social values

Question 51

Neglectful

Answer 51

leaves

Question 52

Bed Wetting

Answer 52

Enuresis- repeated urination in clothing or bed