Chapters 8/9

Question 1

Which of the following is not assessed with a tissue-equivalent (TE) phantom?

Answer 1

beam width

Question 2

Tissue-equivalent phantoms are filled with a substance containing

Answer 2

graphite

Question 3

Which of the following pulsed imaging techniques demonstrates the highest acoustic output?

Answer 3

Pulsed doppler

Question 4

Test objects evaluate

Answer 4

detail resolution and beam resolution

Question 5

A hydrophone is used in the following form

Answer 5

• a small transducer element mounted on the end of a hollow needle
  -a large piezoelectric membrane with small electrodes on both sides

Question 6

Which of the following pulsed-wave techniques demonstrates the lowest sonographic output?

Answer 6

gray-scale

Question 7

Doppler test objects and flow phantoms enable the evaluation of all of the following except

Answer 7

color doppler spatial resolution

Question 8

Hydrophones are used to measure the acoustic output of various sonographic instruments.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Doppler test objects and flow phantoms are not able to evaluate gate location.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

In soft tissue, a temperature rise is considered significant once it exceeds

Answer 10

1.5 degrees celsius

Question 11

Which of the following describes cavitation?

Answer 11

bubbles in a liquid medium

Question 12

No bioeffects have been observed in mammalian tissues that contained well-defined gas bodies at peak rarefactional pressure values (MPa) of less than ______.

Answer 12

0.4

Question 13

Plant studies are useful primarily for

Answer 13

understanding cavitational effects in living tissue

Question 14

The extent of temperature rise produced depends on:

Answer 14

intensity and frequency

Question 15

Which of the following pulsed imaging techniques demonstrates the highest acoustic output?

Answer 15

spectral doppler

Question 16

No bioeffects have been observed in mammalian tissues at mechanical index values of less than ________.

Answer 16

0.4MPa

Question 17

Attenuation in soft tissue is due primarily to

Answer 17

Absorption

Question 18

Which of the following relates to heating?

Answer 18

absorption

Question 19

A significant increase in the temperature of tissues close to the transducer is a result of ________.

Answer 19

Transducer self heating

Question 20

Bioeffects have not been observed in experimental animals with focused intensities below

Answer 20

1mW/cm

Question 21

ALARA

Answer 21

as low as reasonably achievable

Question 22

How do you ensure ALARA is being used?

Answer 22

-shorten exam time
-lowest output

Question 23

Which of following cannot be measured or calculated by a hydrophone?

Answer 23

Impedance

Question 24

Acoustic output is important when considering

Answer 24

bioeffects and patient safety

Question 25

The American College of Radiology (ACR Ultrasound Accreditation program requires at least ___ testing for instrument quality control

Answer 25

Semiannual

Question 26

Routine quality control testing is required by the

Answer 26

AIUM

Question 27

Biological effects have not occurred at temperatures lower than

Answer 27

39 degrees c

Question 28

Test objects are used by engineers rather than instrument operators.

Answer 28

False. Phantoms and test objects can be used by service personnel and instrument operators

Question 29

For exposure duration up to 50 hours, there have been no significant adverse biological effects observed from temperature increases less than or equal to 1.5 degrees C.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Tissue-equivalent propagation speed in gel? Rubber?

Answer 30

-gel= 1.54mm/us -rubber=1.45mm/us

Question 31

Graphite acts as __ within tissue equivalent phantoms?

Answer 31

Scatters

Question 32

Hydrophones measure

Answer 32

Period, PRP, PD, Frequency, PRF, DF, Amplitude, Wavelength, SPL, Intensity

Question 33

The echo- free (cystic) regions contained within tissue-equivalent phantoms are of various diameters and evaluate detail resolution.

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Bio effect is useful in ultrasound.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Bio effect occurrence depends on

Answer 35

temperature exposure

Question 36

Bio effect is decreased using?

Answer 36

ALARA

Question 37

Tissue-equivalent phantoms are assessed with

Answer 37

-dynamic range -contrast resolution -TGC -penetration -detail resolution

Question 38

Doppler test objects and flow phantoms enable the evaluation of

Answer 38

-spectral-display speed calibration -sample volume location -penetration of spectral and color doppler instruments

Question 39

a hydrophone produces a voltage

Answer 39

true