Chapters 8,9, 10 Flashcards
Who was Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón?
A Versatile architect who was able to move away from the prejudice of the time, especially against Plateresque, able to design both buildings (Plateresque and Purism) in the renaissance period.
What are the two stages in Spanish Renaissance Architecture? Give example of buildings and architects.
The two stages in Spanish Renaissance architecture are Plateresque and Purism. An example for Plateresque is the Royal Chapel in the Seville Cathedral and the architect is anonymous. ( ask about an architect) An example for Purism is Palace of Charles 5th and the architect was Pedro Muchuca.
Philip II is considered to be the mind behind the Escorial. But, who were the two principal architects?
Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera
What are the two stages in Spanish Renaissance Painting & Sculpture? Give example of artists and their works.
Purism and Mannerism . Bartolome Ordoñez was a classical artist and an example of his own works is the tomb of Phillip the handsome and Johanna the Mad. Alonso Berruguete was an artist of mannerism and a famous work by him is the image of Saint Sebatian
5) Who was Juan de Juni? And Alonso Berrugete? And Bartolome Ordoñez?
Juan De Juni was of French origin and Italian training, archetype of a mannerist artist, precursor to the 17th century Baroque style and a Transitional artist. Alonso Berrugete was the first Spanish artist to study in Italy and created a new style towards mannerism. Bartolome Ordoñez was worked in Naples, Italy and some of his works were Tomb of Phillip of the Handsome and Johanna the Mad and Royal Chapel of Granada Cathedral. He is a purists.
Juan de Borgoña and Fernando Yañez are both of which style?
They are both of purism style.
El Greco: summary of his life & works.
El Greco was first trained in Greece and later in Italy. Commissioned by Phillip the 2nd his first work Alegoría de Liga Santa or Allegory of the Holy League (Greco Hated this painting) Phillip 2nd loved this, he was happy. This painting was an alliance of warriors, catholic nations that are to fight the Ottoman Turks (Muslims). Hired El Greco again for a second painting El martirio de San Mauricio y Legión Tebana, (Greco loved this painting) Phillip 2nd was not pleased with it. Depressed with this situation, Greco went back to Toledo. From this period his most famous painting, Enterramiento del Conde Orgaz or the Burial of the Count of Orgaz. Most important example of Mannerism. This work tells the story of a miracle that took place in the town of Orgaz.
Define mannerism:
Mannerism was a style for its expressiveness and the use of artificial qualities and to show the movement in paintings and sculptures.
Spanish Baroque Architecture can be divided into what periods (include sub periods/styles):
Spanish Baroque Architecture was divided into the 17th century period and 18th century period. The sub period/ style of the 17th century was Herrierano and of the 18th century was Rococo.
Define Churrigueresco, include 1 example:
Churrigueresco is combined of older styles found in Spain, mainly Arab, Gothic and Plateresque, into a new form and one famous work is done by Narciso Tomé, the cathedral of Toledo, the work in the apse and organ area.
Define Rococo, include 1 example:
Rococo is a style characterized by its elegant and ornate decoration and an example is The Royal Palace of Madrid. Came from France, highly embellished and decorative, mostly applied to aristocracy. Marks the end of baroque period and into the neoclassical world
These two Royal residences (Escorial & Royal Palace of Madrid) represent buildings of very different architectonical influences: compare both of them, including their designers, their kings, periods, styles, influences…
El Escorial- Most important purist building in all of Europe.Purist Building, the designers are Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera and the third architect was Phillip 2nd. Their king was Phillip 2nd. The period is the spanish renaissance with the sub period of Purism.
Royal Palace of Madrid- started by Juvara and finished by Sachetti his disciple. Rococo building from the 18th century period of Baroque a Spanish Renaissance. Their king was Felipe 5th
What are they two schools of Spanish Baroque Sculpture? Give examples of each.
Two Schools of Spanish Baroque Sculpture are Castilian School and Andalusian School. Castillian school had an important figure was Gregorio Fernandez. The Andalusian school, there was one in Seville and Granada. Represented by Juan Martínez Montañes
What are the principal tendencies of Spanish Baroque Paintings?
The principal tendencies of Spanish Baroque Paintings are Tenebrismo: tenebrous naturalism (gloomy and dark),Idealist Realism and Idealization with Natural light.
17) Who were the most important architects used by Carlos III?
The most important architects used by Carlos 3rd was Sabatini and Villanueva.
What was the aim of Neoclassicist?
Neoclassical goes back to the Greco Roman World without adding their own styles and interpretation. Difference the birth of neoscience archeology.
Who was Ventura Rodriguez?
He was an urban planner and created the fountains of Madrid under Charles 3rd, neoclassical architect hired by him.
What was the relationship between Anton Mengs & Bayeu/Goya?
He was the teacher and Protector of Francisco Bayeu and Francisco Goya.
Who worked on the plaza Mayor in Madrid?
Villanueva and Sabatini
What museum did Villanueva create and what is it now In present day?
Natural Science Museum and it’s now the Prado
Goya: Summarize his life and works
Heavily influence by rococo at first. Once he arrived to Madrid he realized the rise of Neoclassical Styles in Madrid. Worked at the royal tapestry factory. Enabled him to see the royal collections, especially the ones done by Velazquez. Then while he was in Madrid he was accepted into the Royal Academy of fine arts from his painting cristo crucificado where he studied Velazquez. Changing to Neoclassical style paintings. Then Goya became a afrancesado which is a person who believes in the French Revolution. Liberty, freedom and paternity. His two works were caprichos and Retratos. Then worked for Charles the 4th, painting a portrait of his family then later painted the maja desnuda and la maja vestida. Then the napoleonic wars occurred with him creating the disasters of war engravings, Retratos ,the paintings of 2nd of May 1808(most important event) And 3rd of May 1808( most important painting). Then worked on a series of bullfighting engravings. Then created Pinturas negras and created 18 of them. These paintings were sublime. Then lastly he moved to Bordeaux creating new lithographs of bullfighting. His last painting was lechera de burdeos.
What is costumbrismo?
Pictures of local everyday life
