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Environmental Science > Chapters 8-11 > Flashcards

Chapters 8-11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Choose the correct statement about the Mississippi Delta
A. It is thousands of acres in size
B. It is unproductive zone
C. It was formed by humans
D.It is at the mouth of the Mississippi river
E. All of them above

A

E. All of they above

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2
Q
  1. Climatologists suggest that the melting of Greenland’s glaciers will:
    A. Disrupt the gulf stream
    B. Disrupt ocean circulation
    C. Disrupt the climate of Bermuda
    D. Disrupt the climate of northern Europe
    E. All of them above are correct
A

E. All of them above are correct

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3
Q
  1. The majority of the earth’s water resources exist as:
A

d. Salt water in oceans

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4
Q

Our water footprint includes virtual water use. Which of the following is an example of virtual water?
a. Water in the glass of water we drink
b. Shower water
c.Water used to manufacture a pair of jeans
d. Water used to wash your car

A

c.Water used to manufacture a pair of jeans

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5
Q
  1. Of the following industries, which do not depend on water?
    A. commercial fishing
    B. farming
    C. energy
    D.mining
    E. None of the above is correct
A

E. None of the above is correct

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6
Q
  1. This industry is responsible for an estimated 20 percent of Earth’s industrial water pollution. Over 8,000 different chemicals, many poisonous, are used in the manufacturing processes of this industry.
    a.Textile
    b.Airlines
    c.Advertising
    d. Banking
    e.Amusement and recreation
A

A. textile

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7
Q
  1. What is an accurate statement about Israel’s water supplies?
    Israel has struggled to maintain access to freshwater
    In 1964, Israel military defended its access to freshwater
    Years of population increases have seriously stressed the country’s water supply
    Israels source of freshwater is at increasing risk of salinization
    E. all of them above are correct
A

E. all of them above are correct

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8
Q
  1. Wetlands can be ________
    a. Freshwater
    b. Saltwater
    c. A combination of both
    d. Brackish
    e. all of them are correct
A

e. all of them are correct

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9
Q

These pollutants are found in paints and oils and are used to degrease metal parts in the industry. At one time, they were also used to remove caffeine from coffee beans.
a.Mercury and nitrogen
b.Volatile organic compounds
c.Phosphorus and nitrogen
d.Bisphenol - A and phthalates

A

b.Volatile organic compounds

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10
Q
  1. This acute neurotoxin is released from coal supplied power plants as well as from the vinyl chloride industry
    a.mercruy
    b.phtalate
    c. sodium chloride
    d.All of them
A

a.mercury

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11
Q

What would be expected during an El Niño year?
a.Flooding in western South America
b. More typhoons in the Central Pacific Ocean
c.Movement of the subtropical jet stream northward
d.A milder winter for the northern United States
E. all of them above are correct

A

E. all of them above are correct

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12
Q

Which of the following has the greatest warming potential?

A

D. one fluorinated gas molecules

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13
Q

We use these greenhouse gas molecules as refrigerants in several types of products and appliances.

A

D. fluorinated gases

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14
Q

The loss of all of Earth’s ice combined with thermal expansion would raise sea levels by an estimated

A

60 meters (197 ft)

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15
Q

What is the health affect of ground-level ozone?
a. Asthma
b. Coughing
c. Shortness of breath
d. Increased cancer risk
e. All of them

A

e. all of them

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16
Q

The vast majority of acid rain originated from the _______ upon combustion of fossil fuels.

A

sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

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17
Q

Holes in the layer of protective ozone are the result of:
a. Chlorofluorocarbons
b. Using refrigerators
c. Using air conditioners
d.Using aerosol spraycans
e.all of them

A

e.all of them

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18
Q

The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to phase out:
a. Mercury
b.Fossil fuels
c.Bisphenol- A
d.Chloroflourocarbons
e.Phthalates

A

d.Chloroflourocarbons

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19
Q

Volcanoes emit ____ sulfur dioxide per year then the combustion of fossil fuels

A

far less

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20
Q

What is the main cause of tropical rainforest losses in South America?

A

agriculture

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21
Q

What is the consequence of overcultivation?
a.soil erosion
b. disrupts soil structure
c.habitat destruction
d.all of them

A

all of them

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22
Q

Which country is the largest user of pesticides?

A

China

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23
Q

______are a part of a balanced diet, and compared to ______, make up a smaller part of the diet.

A

Micronutrients,macronutrients

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24
Q

Monocultures usually produce greater yields than polycultures,yet monocultures are also more susceptible______.

A

to pests and diseases.

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25
Q

is the consistent physical and economic access to
sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs for a healthy
life.

A

Food security

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26
Q

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up a large
percentage of our diets.

A

macronutrients

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27
Q

Nutrients that make up a small percentage of our diets; vitamins
and minerals.

A

micronutrients

28
Q

is a disease caused by undernutrition; victims suffer from inadequate
calorie and protein intake and experience dehydration, stomach shrinkage,
diarrhea, and weight loss.

A

Marasmusis

29
Q

is a disease caused by undernutrition; severe protein deficiency;
symptoms of bulging abdomen, edema, and emaciation

A

Kwashiorkor

30
Q

How many people suffer from overnutrition?

A

two billion

31
Q

requires large energy inputs

A

Industrial farming

32
Q

require less energy input

A

traditional agricultural practices

33
Q

comes from
traditional agriculture

A

20 percent of our food supply

34
Q

is practiced by approximately 42 percent
of our population.

A

traditional agriculture

35
Q

refers to growing more than one crop on the same plot of land.

A

Polyculture

36
Q

Organic farmers typically use an ________ strategy to control pests.

A

integrated pest management

37
Q

________ a mixture of minerals, water, decaying organic matter, rock
fragments, and gases.

A

soil

38
Q

refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay
particles.

A

soil texture

39
Q

_______ refers to the arrangement of soil particles into groups
called aggregates.

A

Soil structure

40
Q

is degradation of arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid land areas.

A

Desertification

41
Q

In dryland areas, where evaporation exceeds precipitation,
inappropriate irrigation can cause

A

salinization

42
Q

Heavily irrigated soils can have issues with _____ due to poor
drainage.

A

waterlogging

42
Q

Pesticides harm which two animals?

A

bees and amphibians

43
Q

The four major forest zones are

A

tropical, subtropical, temperate, and
boreal (taiga).

44
Q

Which forest zone is the most diverse?

A

tropical

45
Q

Three major anthropogenic factors threatening forests today are

A

deforestation, climate change, and acid rain.

46
Q

Since 1990, the total forested area in the world has dropped by

A

4.2%

47
Q

is a form of deforestation in which all trees are removed
from an area.

A

Clearcutting

48
Q

is a form of deforestation in which a few trees are
removed from an area.

A

Selective cutting

49
Q

is the cutting down of trees and other plants followed
by burning; a common agricultural practice for subsistence farmers.

A

Slash-and-burn

50
Q

in which
unhealthy trees (in yellow) are targeted and removed

A

shelter wood harvesting

51
Q

a form of deforestation in which trees are harvested in narrow
strips

A

strip cutting

52
Q

a form of deforestation in which almost all the trees are
removed from an area. The few remaining trees are allowed to reseed the
cleared area.

A

seed tree cutting

53
Q

subdivision of a pasture and then rotation of livestock
sequentially among the subpastures in order to allow grazed vegetation to
recover.

A

rotational grazing

54
Q

federal lands afforded the highest level of
protection and kept in a fairly primitive state.

A

wilderness areas

55
Q

the land area where water collects and
eventually empties into a body of water.

A

water shedding

56
Q

are headwater streams with no upstream
tributaries

A

First-order streams

57
Q

is a critical part of habitat that polar bears use to hunt seals.

A

Arctic ice

58
Q

Why is arctic ice
mass is shrinking 14% yearly, and as a result polar bears swim longer
distances in search of food.

A

Rapid climate change and increased global temperatures

59
Q

Densest layer,78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen

A

troposphere

60
Q

ozone layer

A

stratosphere

61
Q

Long-term patterns in weather are referred to as

A

climate

62
Q

Anthropogenic nitrous oxide emissions

A

comes from agriculture sector

63
Q

In a time of warming air and heat waves, cities can be like hot islands
in the middle of cooler rural areas

A

urban heat island effect

64
Q

acknowledges this, and instead offers a
combination of mini-solutions that collectively flatten the emissions
curve.

A

wedge approach

65
Q

We hypothesize a loss of_______ by 2050 if Arctic ice
mass continues to decline at the current rate

A

polar bears

66
Q
A

Environmental Science (2 decks)

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