Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology Test 1 > Chapters 73 & 74 > Flashcards

Chapters 73 & 74 Flashcards

1
Q

Perfusion

Ventilation

A

Blood flow through the lungs

Air moving through the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sympathetic branch of ANS

A

Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchioles
Increases diameter of airway
Bronchodialates, relaxing smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parasympathetic branch of ANS

A

Contracts smooth muscle of bronchioles
Narrows diameter of airway, decrease lumen
Bronchoconstricts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Asthma

A

Bronchospasm

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

Emphysema

Chronic Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Beta Adrenergics (primary treatment for asthma)

Beta 1

Beta 2

A

Beta 1 receptors found in heart

Beta 2 receptors found in lungs and other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Non selective Bronchodialators

Selective agents

A

Non act on both beta 1&2

Selective act on only 1 or 2. (prescribed more often, minimal effect on heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beta 2 Adrenergic agonist (used most)

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in Bronchodialation
Meds either long or short acting
Short-terminates attack
Long-prevention, used routinely

Used by inhalation of Meds by inhalers or nebulizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prototype Beta 2 Adrenergic agonist-

Adverse effects-

A 
Albuterol:
Short acting (rescue inhaler)

Adverse effects- tachycardia, headache, throat irritation, nervousness, restless, insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Albuterol contraindications

A

Tachydysrhythmia
Coronary artery disease
HTN

Drug interaction:
Use with beta blockers, MAOI, thyroid replacement therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Albuterol nursing interventions

A

Rinse mouth
Asses VS before and after use
Asses lungs
Limit caffeine and nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Prevention of bronchospasm, not rescue
Atrovent
Blocks parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate sympathetic
Bronchodialates by blocking cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prototype Anticholinergic-

Adverse effect-

A

Atrovent

Adverse effects: 
Can worsen glaucoma
Dry mouth, nausea 
Life threatening paradoxical acute bronchospasm 
Bitter taste in mouth (common)

*contraindication: do not use with other Anticholinergics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nursing interventions when using Atrovent

A

Treat to report lack of improvement or increasing severity of bronchospasm
Asses for history of glaucoma
Use for prevention not attack
Not for children under 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inhaled corticosteroid

A

Most effective
Decreases inflammation
Inhibits synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators:
Histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines, prostaglandins (these cause edema & mucus in airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prototype Corticosteroid-

Adverse effect-

A

Beconase

Adverse effects (all rare):
Dry mouth, hoarse voice
Cataract development
Growth inhibition in children
Masking infection (no fever, WBC count normal)
Yeast infection in mouth

*no contraindications for corticosteroids

17
Q

Nursing interventions for Beconase

A 
Vaccinate children for chicken pox
Monitor diabetes and chronic illnesses
Height of children
Density in older patients
Cataract development 
Teach steroids will not terminate attack
Steroids increase blood glucose
18
Q

Mast cell stabilizers

A

Mast cells- large cells containing inflammatory granules (histamine) which mediates inflammatory and allergic reactions

Prevent degranulation of mast cells

19
Q

Prototype Mast cell stabilizer-

Adverse effects-

Interventions-

A

Intal

Bronchospasm
Cough
Throat irritation

Use Bronchodialator, wait 5 min, then use Intal
Not for attacks
Takes several weeks

20
Q

Leukotriene Modifiers

A

Mediators of immune inflammatory responses
When in airways they promote: edema, inflammation, bronchoconstriction
Reduces spasms by blocking synthesis or receptors
Prevention

21
Q

Leukotriene Modifier Prototype-

Adverse effects-

Contraindications-

Interventions-

A

Accolate

Headache
Rhinitis
NVD(rare)

Contraindications- liver failure. Interactions with aspirin

Take on an empty stomach
No alcohol
Take routinely

22
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Used when other Meds don’t work
Mild bronchodilator effect
Narrow therapeutic index
Stimulants, related to caffeine

23
Q

Methylxanthine Prototype-

Adverse effects-

A

Theolair

Toxicity, NV, headache, insomnia, dysrhytmia, hypotension, seizures

24
Q

Methylxanthine Contraindications-

Interventions-

A

Seizure disorder
Heart failure
Dysrhytmia
Liver disease

Monitor respiratory status
Limit caffeine
No smoking
Report S/S: no appetite, NV, dizziness, insomnia, hypotension, seizures

25
Q

Biologic Therapy Monoclonal Antibodies

Prototype

Adverse effects

A

Xolair

Used when other Meds don’t work
Given SC every 2-4 weeks
Attached to receptor on IgE that reacts to antigen causing release of chemical mediators from mast cells
-ages 12 and up

Anaphylaxis 
Bleeding
Rash 
Headache 
Viral infections
26
Q

Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonist)

A

First generation- Benadryl

They block histamine from reaching its h1 receptor
Do not prevent release of histamine from mast cells

27
Q

2nd generation Antihistamine Prototype

Adverse effects

A

Allegra
Binds with histamine sites, long half life, made in combination with a decongestant (sudafed)

Headache
Nausea
Viral infections
Dry mouth

*contraindications- renal disease

Aluminum and magnesium decrease absorption
Fruit juice decrease bio availability

28
Q

Allegra interventions

A

Dizziness precautions
Call if symptoms last longer than 3 weeks
Stop 4 days prior to skin allergy tests

29
Q

Intranasal corticosteroid

Adverse effect

A

Flonase- works by vasoconstriction and anti inflammatory actions, stops secretions of mast cells. 1-3 weeks to work

Stinging
Headache
Nose bleeds

*contraindications- not for under age 4

30
Q

Decongestants

A

Sudafed

Used for: allergic rhinitis, congestion, cold, opening eustachian tubes, prevents barotrauma

Activates alpha 1(nose) Adrenergic receptors causing vasodilation
Stimulates beta 2 Adrenergic receptors in respiratory tract for slight Bronchodialation.

31
Q

Adverse effects of Sudafed

Contraindications

A

Insomnia, dizziness, anxiety
Dysrhythmia, HTN, palpations, dry mouth

Contraindicated in:
HTN, CAD, children under 2, caution with all children

32
Q

Drug interactions with Sudafed

Interventions

A 
Not with MAOI
CNS and cardiovascular stimulation
Extreme hypertension and bradycardia with beta blockers
Avoid nitrates
With digoxin= cardiac Dysrhythmias

Monitor VS frequent
Use 3-5 days
Asses for CV disease
Not before bed or higher doses

33
Q

Treatment for common cold

A 
Antihistamines
Decongestants
Antitussives 
Expectorants
Analgesics
34
Q

Antitussives

A

Suppress cough- Robitussin, not for pneumonia

Opioids= most effect- codeine and hydocodone

Contraindications- CNS toxic at high doses (grapefruit raises serum), liver damage, 2 and older, caution with COPD

35
Q

Expectorants

A

Mucinex

Increase secretions of mucus
Reduces thickness of secretions

Adverse: NV, ab pain at high doses, toxic for children under 2

36
Q

Mucolytics

A

Mucomyst

Thins and loosens thick secretions

Adverse: bronchospasm, NV, fever

Pharmacology Test 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions