Chapters 7-9 Flashcards
What term applies to all living things and those things that were one alive?
A) inorganic
B) matter
C) organic
D) element
C) organic
Gasoline, synthetic fabrics, plastics, and pesticides are all considered organic because they are manufactured from _________________.
A) natural gas and oil
B) subatomic particles
C) sodium chloride
D) ammonium thioglycolate acid
A) natural gas and oil
Metals, minerals; water, air; and ammonia are all examples of __________________ substances.
A) live
B) inorganic
C) natural
D) organic
B) inorganic
Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain the element _________________.
A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) sulfur
D) carbon
D) carbon
Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?
A) atoms
B) molecules
C) matter
D) elements
C) matter
There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?
A) 116
B) 98
C) 50
D) 76
B) 98
Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?
A) electrons
B) protons
C) molecules
D) atoms
D) atoms
______________ is the most common element found in the known universe.
A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) sodium
A) hydrogen
An example of an elemental molecule is ___________.
A) hydrogen peroxide
B) common table salt
C) water
D) oxygen in air
D) oxygen in air
As the basic unit of matter, ____________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
A) molecules
B) oxygen
C) atoms
D) water
C) atoms
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?
A) chemical
B) physical
C) mechanical
D) electrical
A) chemical
What chemical compound can exist in all three states of matter depending on its temperature?
A) carbon dioxide
B) hydrogen
C) water
D) oxygen
C) water
An example of physical change is _________________.
A) rusting iron
B) ice melting to water
C) burning wood
D) oxidation
B) ice melting to water
In hair lightening processes, what substance oxidizes the melanin pigments in hair, leaving the hair a lighter color?
A) sodium chloride
B) water
C) ammonium thiogylcolate acid
D) hydrogen peroxide
D) hydrogen peroxide
An example of a chemical change is ___________________.
A) water changing to ice
B) ice melting into water
C) the oxidation of hair color products
D) temporary hair color
C) the oxidation of hair color products
____________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
A) application
B) reduction
C) reaction
D) oxidation
B) reduction
When using a permanent wave neutralizer, ______________.
A) H2O2 loses oxygen
B) the waving solution is oxidized
C) hair color gains oxygen from H202
D) hair is oxidized by removing hydrogen
D) hair is oxidized by removing hydrogen
When oxygen is combined with a substance, the substance is ________________.
A) oxidized
B) reduced
C) United
D) blended
A) oxidized
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) ______________ reaction.
A) rapid oxidation
B) endothermic
C) redox
D) exothermic
C) redox
What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?
A) endothermic
B) acid-alkali neutralization
C) exothermic
D) redox
A) endothermic
Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
A) concrete
B) aluminum foil
C) powder
D) salt water solution
B) aluminum foil
_____________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
A) oxides
B) salts
C) acids
D) bases
D) bases
What color do acids turn blue litmus paper?
A) a dark blue
B) red
C) green
D) yellow
B) red
A __________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
A) suspension
B) solvent
C) solution
D) solute
C) solution
Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
A) surfactant
B) suspension
C) emulsion
D) solution
A) surfactant
An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _____________.
A) calamine lotion
B) mayonnaise
C) witch hazel
D) cold cream
D) cold cream
____________ are examples of emulsions used in barbering services.
A) powders
B) shampoos and conditioners
C) hair tonics
D) soaps
B) shampoos and conditioners
A(n) _________________ is a suspension of one liquid dispersed in another.
A) emulsion
B) surfactant
C) solution
D) solvent
A) emulsion
A(n) _____________ charged ion is called an anion.
A) positively
B) ionized
C) negatively
D) naturally
C) negatively
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline _______________ solutions.
A) unstable
B) hydrogen peroxide
C) liquid
D) water based
D) water based
What does a pH below 7 indicate?
A) a logarithmic solution
B) an alkaline solution
C) an acidic solution
D) a neutral solution
C) an acidic solution
The letters pH denote _____________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
A) potential hydrogen
B) potential hydroxide
C) partial hydrogen
D) partially hydrophilic
A) pOTENTIAL Hydrogen
Non-aqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have _______________.
A) mass
B) pH
C) their own distinct physical and chemical properties
D) volume or shape
B) pH
What is the average pH for hair and skin?
A) 3.5
B) 9
C) 7.5
D) 5
D) 5
Acidic solutions tend to ____________ the hair.
A) swell
B) harden
C) soften
D) relax
B) harden
Acid based shampoos and normalizing lotions associated with hydroxide hair relaxers work to create what type of reaction?
A) endothermic
B) exothermic
C) acid-alkali neutralization
D) redox
C) acid-alkali neutralization
What common cationic ingredient is used in dandruff shampoos?
A) cocamide
B) amphoteric I-20
C) quaternary ammonium compounds
D) sodium Laureth sulfate
C) quaternary ammonium compounds
What types of shampoos are mild formulations designed to prevent the stripping of hair color from the hair?
A) pH balanced
B) clarifying
C) balancing
D) color-enhancing
A) pH balanced
________________ shampoos are formulated to make the hair smooth and shiny and to avoid damaging chemically treated hair.
A) balancing
B) conditioning
C) Medicated
D) clarifying
B) conditioning
An example of an instant conditioner is a ____________.
A) blow drying spray
B) permanent wave product
C) detangling rinse
D) dandruff rinse
C) detangling rinse
Which of the following are chemical compounds that attract and retain moisture from the atmosphere?
A) silicones
B) fatty alcohols
C) mineral oils
D) humectants
D) humectants
What products are used to stimulate the surface circulation of the scalp, remove loose dandruff, or to impart manageability, shine and control to the hair?
A) thermal protectors
B) hair tonics
C) medicated conditioners
D) instant conditioners
B) hair tonics
Concentrated protein conditioners are used to _______________.
A) increase the tensile strength of hair
B) help control minor dandruff and scalp conditions
C) help equalize the porosity of the hair shaft
D) help close the cuticle scales
A) increase the tensile strength of hair
Which of the following remove hair by pulling it out of the follicle?
A) packs
B) masks
C) epilators
D) depilatories
C) epilators
Styling aids typically consist of polymer and resin formulations that are designed to give the hair body and texture. An example is ______________.
A) mouses
B) scalp lotions
C) pomades
D) cleansing creams
A) mousses
Among the possible ingredients in wrinkle treatment creams are hormones and ________________.
A) hydrolyzed protein
B) glycerin
C) starch
D) collagen
D) collagen
Astringents May have an alcohol content of up to what percentage?
A) 50 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 20’percent
C) 35 percent
Moisturizing creams are designed to treat _____________.
A) oil accumulation
B) dryness
C) dandruff
D) wrinkles
B) dryness
Improperly repaired tools and appliances can result in _______________.
A) electrical pressure
B) blown circuit breakers
C) twisted metal threads
D) alternating current
B) blown circuit breakers
A(n) __________________ is the flow of electricity along a conductor.
A) rheostat
B) insulator
C) electric current
D) electric circuit
C) electric current
Electricity is a form of energy created by the flow of electrons between _______________.
A) atoms
B) acids
C) salts
D) metals
A) atoms
Electricity is not matter because it does not _____________.
A) control the current
B) produce a chemical reaction
C) move through or across matter and space
D) occupy space of have mass
D) occupy space it have mass
Which of the following can move through or across matter and space?
A) ultraviolet light
B) electricity
C) light emitting diodes
D) electromagnetic radiation
B) electricity
A(n) ______________ is an adjustable resistor that is used for controlling the current in a circuit.
A) rectifier
B) insulator
C) rheostat
D) battery-operated instrument
C) rheostat
Which of the following is considered a good conductor?
A) rubber
B) cement
C) silk
D) watery solutions of acids and salts
D) watery solutions of acids and salts
What does the volt measure?
A) electrical pressure
B) strength or rate of an electric current
C) electrical resistance
D) how much electric energy is being used in 1 second
A) electrical pressure
The electricity in a house is measured in ____________.
A) amperes
B) kilowatt-hours
C) milliamperes
D) ohms
B) kilowatt-hours