Chapters 7,8 & 9.2

Question 1

stoichiometry

Answer 1

the study of the quantitative relationships among the amounts of reactants used and the amounts of products formed in a chemical reaction

Question 2

mole ratio

Answer 2

the ratio of the amounts (in moles) of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation

Question 3

stoichiometric amounts

Answer 3

the exact molar amount of a reactant or produce, as predicted by a balanced equation

Question 4

limiting reactant

Answer 4

a reactant that is completely consumed during a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of produce that is produced

Question 5

excess reactant

Answer 5

a reactant that remains after a reaction is over

Question 6

theoretical yield

Answer 6

the amount of produce that is predicted by stoichiometric calculations

Question 7

actual yiel

Answer 7

the actual amount of product that is recovered after a reaction is complete

Question 8

competing reaction

Answer 8

a reaction that occurs along with the principal reaction and that involved the reactants and/or products of the principal reaction

Question 9

solution

Answer 9

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 10

solvent

Answer 10

the component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount

Question 11

solute

Answer 11

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 12

aqueous solution

Answer 12

a solution that contains water

Question 13

solubility

Answer 13

the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature

Question 14

saturated solution

Answer 14

a solution that cannot dissolve more solute

Question 15

unsaturated solution

Answer 15

a solution that could dissolve more solute

Question 16

supersaturated solution

Answer 16

a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature

Question 17

hydrogen bonding

Answer 17

the attraction between a hydrogen atom on one molecule and a very electronegative atom on another molecule

Question 18

hydration

Answer 18

the process in which water molecule surround the molecules or ions of a solute

Question 19

rate of dissolving

Answer 19

a measure of how quickly a solute dissolves in a solvent

Question 20

concentration

Answer 20

the ratio of the quantity of solute to the quantity of solvent or the quantity of solution

Question 21

concentrated

Answer 21

having a high ratio of solute to solution

Question 22

dilute

Answer 22

having a low ratio of solute to solution

Question 23

percent (m/v)

Answer 23

a ratio of the mass of solute to the volume of solution, expressed as a percent

Question 24

percent (m/m)

Answer 24

a ratio of mass of solute to mass of solution, expressed as a percent

Question 25

percent (v/v)

Answer 25

a ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solution, expressed as a percent

Question 26

parts per million (ppm)

Answer 26

a ratio of solute to solution x 10^6

Question 27

parts per billion (ppb)

Answer 27

a ratio of solute to solution x 10^9

Question 28

molar concentration

Answer 28

the amount (in moles) of solute dissolved in 1 L of solution

Question 29

standard solution

Answer 29

a solution with a known concentration

Question 30

volumetric flask

Answer 30

glassware that is used to make a liquid solution with an accurate volume

Question 31

solution stoichiometry

Answer 31

stoichiometry that is applied to substances in solutions

Question 32

quantitative analysis

Answer 32

an analysis that determines how much of a substance is in a sample