Chapters 7&8

Question 1

the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources

Answer 1

management

Question 2

a management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives

Answer 2

planning

Question 3

a management function that includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve organization’s goals and objectives

Answer 3

organizing

Question 4

creating a vision for the organization and guiding, training, coaching, and motivating others to work effectively to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives

Answer 4

leading

Question 5

a management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not

Answer 5

controlling

Question 6

an encompassing explanation of why the organization exists and where it’s trying to head

Answer 6

vision

Question 7

an outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization

Answer 7

mission statement

Question 8

the broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain

Answer 8

goals

Question 9

specific, short term statements detailing how to achieve the organization’s goals

Answer 9

objectives

Question 10

a planning tool used to analyze an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

Answer 10

SWOT analysis

Question 11

the process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals

Answer 11

strategic planning

Question 12

the process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, wo is to do it, and how it is to be done

Answer 12

tactical planning

Question 13

the process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company’s tactical objectives

Answer 13

operational planning

Question 14

the process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don’t achieve the organization’s objectives

Answer 14

contingency planning

Question 15

choosing among two or more alternative

Answer 15

decision making

Question 16

The process of solving the everyday problems that occur. Less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action.

Answer 16

problem solving

Question 17

coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas

Answer 17

brainstorming

Question 18

listing all the pulses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column

Answer 18

PMI

Question 19

the highest level of management, consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop executives who develop strategic plans

Answer 19

top management

Question 20

the level of management that includes general managers, division managers, and branch and plant managers, who are responsible for tactical planning and controlling

Answer 20

middle management

Question 21

managers who are directly responsible for supervising workers and evaluating their daily performance

Answer 21

supervisory management

Question 22

skills that involve the ability to perform tasks in specific discipline or department

Answer 22

technical skills

Question 23

skills that involve communication and motivation; they enable managers to work through and with people

Answer 23

human relation skills

Question 24

skills that involve the ability to picture the organization as a whole and the relationships among its various parts

Answer 24

conceptual skills

Question 25

a management function that includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company’s objectives

Answer 25

staffing

Question 26

the presentation of a company’s facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders

Answer 26

transparency

Question 27

leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others

Answer 27

autocratic leadership

Question 28

leadership style that consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions

Answer 28

participative (democratic) leadership

Question 29

leadership style that involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives

Answer 29

free-rein leadership

Question 30

giving workers the education and tools they need to make decisions

Answer 30

enabling

Question 31

finding the right information, keeping the information in a readily accessible place, and making the information known to everyone in the firm

Answer 31

knowledge management

Question 32

dealers, who buy products to sell to others, and ultimate customers (or end users), who buy products for their own personal use

Answer 32

external customers

Question 33

individuals and units within the firm that receive services from other individuals or units

Answer 33

internal customers

Question 34

the situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk; the average costs of goods goes down as production levels increase

Answer 34

economies of scale

Question 35

a system in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers who are responsible to that person

Answer 35

hierarchy

Question 36

the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level

Answer 36

chain of command

Question 37

a visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organization’s work; it shows who reports to whom

Answer 37

organization chart

Question 38

an organization with many layers of managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions

Answer 38

bureaucracy

Question 39

an organization structure which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management

Answer 39

centralized authority

Question 40

an organization structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be

Answer 40

decentralized authority

Question 41

the optional number of subordinates a manager supervises of should supervise

Answer 41

span of control

Question 42

an organizational structure in which the pyramidal organization chart would be quite tall because of the various levels of management

Answer 42

tall organization structure

Question 43

an organization structure that has few layers of management and a broad span of control

Answer 43

flat organization structure

Question 44

the dividing or organizational functions into separate units

Answer 44

departmentalization

Question 45

an organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor

Answer 45

line organization

Question 46

employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals

Answer 46

line personnel

Question 47

employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals

Answer 47

staff personnel

Question 48

an organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure

Answer 48

matrix organization

Question 49

using communication technology and other means to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives

Answer 49

networking

Question 50

a temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed

Answer 50

virtual corporation

Question 51

the present moment of the actual time in which something takes place

Answer 51

real time

Question 52

comparing an organization’s practices, processes, and products against the world’s best

Answer 52

benchmarking

Question 53

those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world

Answer 53

core competencies

Question 54

young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking

Answer 54

digital natives

Question 55

redesigning an organization so that it can more effectively and efficiently serve its customers

Answer 55

restructuring

Question 56

an organization that has contact people at the top and the chief executive at the bottom of the organization chart

Answer 56

inverted organization

Question 57

widely shared values within an organization that provided unity and cooperation to achieve common goods

Answer 57

organizational (or corporate) culture

Question 58

the structure that details lines of responsibility, authority, and position; that is, the structure shown on organization charts

Answer 58

formal organization

Question 59

the system that develops spontaneously as employees meet and form cliques, relationships, and lines of authority outside of the formal organization

Answer 59

informal organization