Chapters 6 The Skeletal System Flashcards
femur
thigh bone
patella
knee bone
fibula
leg bone?
tibula
leg bone?
the human skeleton consists of how many bones?
206
hematopoiesis
blood cell formation
long bones
longer than they are wide, with distinctively shaped ends
ex upper arm, lower arm, thigh, lower leg, fingers and toes
short bones
about as long as they are wide with a somewhat box shaped structure
ex carpals tarsal
carpal
wrist
tarsal
ankle
flat bones
broad and thin, having a flat (sometimes curved) surface
irregular
come in various sizes and bones of the spinal column and face
humerus
upper arm
radius and ulna
lower arm
phalanges
fingers and toes
vertebrae
spinal column
sesamoid bones
unique, irregular bones embedded in the substance of tendons and usually located around a joint.
ex - kneecap
also located around the hand-to-finger joints.
diaphysis
main shaft-like portion of a long bone.
- hollow
- cylindrical
epiphysis
located at each end of a long bone
bulb like shape for muscle attachment
epiphyseal line
layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis
periosteum
thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone except at the joint surfaces (i.e. at the ends of the epiphyses) the joint surfaces are covered by articular cartilage
articular cartilage
thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints
compact bone
hard outer shell of the bone. lies under the periosteum
Medullary (marrow) cavity
within the center of the diaphysis (hollow area), which contains yellow marrow.
Haversian canals
contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
cancellous bone aka spongy bone or trabecular bone
blood vessels transport nutrients and oxygen to the bones-not as dense as compact bone
trabecula
needlelike spicules that give the cancellous bone its spongy appearance. they are arranged along lines of stress, giving added strength to bones.
the spaces between the trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow
yellow marrow
stores fat and is not an active site for blood cell production in the adult
all/o
difference from
-genic
pertaining to formation, producing
ankyl/o
stiff
spondyl/o
spine, vertebrae
itis
inflammation
arthr/o
joint
-desis
binding or surgical fusion
cervic/o
neck
acetabul/o
acetabulum
ankyl/o
stiff
arthr/o
joint
-blast, blast/o
embryonic stage of development
calc/o, calc/i
calcium
calcane/o
heel bone
carp/o
wrist
chondr/i, chondr/o
cartilage
-clast
to break
-clastic
to break
clavicul/o
collarbone
coccyg/o
coccyx
cost/o
ribs
crani/o
skull
-desis
to bind, tie together
femor/o
femur
fibul/o
fibula
gen/o
to produce
humer/o
humerus
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium
kyph/o
humpback, pertaining to a hump
lamino/o
lamina
lord/o
swayback; bent
lumb/o
loins, lower back
malac/o
softening
-malacia
softening
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jaw)
mastoid/o
mastoid process
maxill/o
upper jaw
metacarp/o
hand bones
metatars/o
foot bones
myel/o
spinal cord or bone marrow
olecran/o
elbow
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
patell/o
kneecap
patell/a
kneecap
pelv/i
pelvis
phalang/o
fingers, toes
-physis
growth, growing
por/o
cavity, opening, passage or pore
-porosis
porous; lessening in density
pub/o
pubis
rach/i
spinal column
radi/o
radiation; also refers to the radius
scapul/o
shoulder blade
scoli/o
crooked, bent
spondyl/o
vertebrae
sten/o
short, contracted
stern/o
sternum
synovi/o
synovial membrane
synov/o
synovial membrane
tars/o
ankle bones
tempor/o
temples of the head
vertebr/o
vertebra
bone head
a rounded, knoblike end of a long bone, separated from the shaft of the bone by a narrow portion (the neck of the bone).
neck
a constricted or narrow section that connects with the head, as in the neck connecting to the head or the neck of the femur
tuberosity
an elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone–usually for attachment
trochanter
large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles
condyle
a knucklelike projection at the end of a bone’ usually fits into a fossa of another bone to form a joint
crest
A distinct boarder or ridge; an upper part of the hip bone (the iliac crest); generally a site for muscle attachement
spine
a sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest for example, the spine of the scalpula ( shoulder blade) used for muscle attachement
