Chapters 6-7- States of matter Flashcards
What are phase diagrams?
A phase diagram is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure and temperature) at which distinct phases occur and coexist at equilibrium.
Give the ideal gas equation
pV=nRT
Define the term ‘ideal gas’
a hypothetical gas whose molecules occupy negligible space and have no interactions, and therefore obeys the gas laws exactly.
What are real gases?
Real gases are non-hypothetical gases whose molecules occupy space and have interactions
What’s another term for ideal gases?
Perfect gases
What is partial pressure?
In a mixture of gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the hypothetical pressure of that gas if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature.
How do you work out the total pressure?
The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.
Give Dalton’s law
Dalton’s law states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Define the term ‘solid’
A solid is a substance that has a fixed volume and a fixed shape. In a solid, the particles are close together and usually form a regular pattern. Particles in a solid can vibrate but are fixed in one place.
Define the term ‘liquid’
A liquid has a fixed volume but does not have a fixed shape. Liquids take on the shape of the container they are in. The particles in a liquid are attracted to one another and are close together. However, particles in a liquid are not fixed in place and can move from one place to another.
Define the term ‘gas’
A gas has no fixed volume or shape. A gas can take on both the shape and the volume of a container. Gas particles are not close to one another and can move easily in any direction. There is much more space between gas particles than there is between particles in a liquid or a solid.
What happens when you increase the pressure of a gas, whilst keeping the temperature the same?
The volume of gas decreases
What happens when you increase the temperature of a gas, whilst keeping the volume the same?
The pressure of gas increases
What happens when you increase the temperature of a gas, whilst keeping the pressure the same?
The volume of gas increases
List the different types of intermolecular forces
Charge–Charge Charge–Permanent Dipole Charge–Induced Dipole Permanent Dipole–Permanent Dipole Permanent Dipole–Induced Dipole Instantaneous Dipole–Induced Dipole
