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Veterinary Terminology > Chapters 6,7, 8, 9, 12 > Flashcards

Chapters 6,7, 8, 9, 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the combining form aliment/o mean

A

nourishment

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2
Q

what does the oral cavity contain

A

lips, cheeks, hard palate, soft palate

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3
Q

What does the combining forms or/o and stomat/o mean

A

mouth

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4
Q

what does the combining form gnath/o mean

A

jaw

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5
Q

prognathia (Sow mouth)

A

elongated mandible, or a mandible that is overshot

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6
Q

brachygnathia (parrot mouth)

A

shortened mandible, or a mandible that is undershot

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7
Q

labia

A

lips

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8
Q

what does the combining form labi/o and cheil/o mean

A

lips

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9
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to or directed toward the cheek

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10
Q

palate

A

forms the roof of the mouth

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11
Q

Hard palate

A

the bony rostral portion of the palate that is covered with specialized mucous membrane

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12
Q

Rugae

A

specialized mucous membrane that contains irregular folds

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13
Q

soft palate

A

the flexible caudal portion of the palate

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14
Q

Tongue

A

movable muscular organ located in the oral cavity used for tasting and processing food, grooming, and articulating noises

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15
Q

papillae

A

elevations

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16
Q

Filiform

A

threadlike

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17
Q

Fungiform

A

Mushroom like

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18
Q

vallate

A

Cube shaped

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19
Q

frenulum

A

band of connective tissue that connects the tongue to the ventral surface of the oral cavity

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20
Q

lingual surface

A

Cheek side

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21
Q

Dentition

A

The teeth as a whole, that is, the teeth arranged in the maxillary and mandibular arcades

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22
Q

deciduous dentition

A

The temporary set of teeth that are erupt in young animals and are replaced at or near maturity

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23
Q

permanent dentition

A

the set of teeth designed to last the lifetime of an animal

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24
Q

incisor

A

front tooth used for cutting

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25
Q

canine

A

long, pointed bonelike tooth located between the incisors and premolars

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26
Q

premolars

A

cheek tooth found between the canine teeth and molars

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27
Q

molar

A

most caudally located permanent cheek tooth used for grinding

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28
Q

enamel

A

the hard white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth

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29
Q

cementum

A

the bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth

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30
Q

Dentin

A

connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp

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31
Q

pulp

A

consists of nerves, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue

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32
Q

apical foramen

A

the hole at the tip of the root where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth

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33
Q

periodontia

A

structures that support the teeth

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34
Q

periodontal ligament

A

contains collagen fibers that are anchored to the cementum of the tooth and the alveolar bone

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35
Q

gingiva

A

mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining, also known as the gums

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36
Q

salivary glands

A

a group of cells located in the oral cavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes

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37
Q

Selenodont

A

animals with teeth that have crescents on their grinding surfaces

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38
Q

Lophodont

A

animals with teeth that have ridged occlusal surfaces

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39
Q

bunodont

A

animals with teeth that are worn rounded surfaces

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40
Q

hypsodont

A

animals with continuously erupting teeth

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41
Q

pleurodont

A

animals with teeth attached by one side on the inner jaw surface

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42
Q

brachydont

A

animals with permanently rooted teeth

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43
Q

pharynx

A

the cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal system

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44
Q

esophagus

A

a collapsible muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach

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45
Q

abdomen

A

the cavity located between the diaphragm and the pelvis

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46
Q

peritoneum

A

the membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities and some of the organs in the area

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47
Q

lesser omentum

A

folding of peritoneum

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48
Q

greater omentum

A

connected to the dorsal abdominal wall by another fold of peritoneum

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49
Q

glandular stomach

A

produces secretion for digestion

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50
Q

cardia

A

entrance area located nearest to the esophagus

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51
Q

fundus

A

base of an organ

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52
Q

body

A

main portion of an organ, which is the rounded base or bottom, also known as the corpus

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53
Q

antrum

A

constricted part of the stomach that joins the pylorus

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54
Q

pylorus

A

narrow passageway between the stomach and the duodenum

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55
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

muscle ring that controls the flow of material from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine

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56
Q

rugae

A

folds present in the mucosa of the stomach

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57
Q

rumen

A

largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation vat

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58
Q

reticulum

A

most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach; also called the honeycomb

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59
Q

omasum

A

third compartment of the ruminant stomach

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60
Q

abomasum

A

fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach, also known as the true stomach

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61
Q

liver

A

removes excess glucose from the bloodstream

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62
Q

emulsification

A

fat digestion

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63
Q

bilirubin

A

is a pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin that is released by the liver in bile

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64
Q

pancreas

A

elongated gland near the cranial portion of the duodenum

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65
Q

lipase

A

enzyme that digests fat

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66
Q

amylase

A

enzyme that digests carbohydrates

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67
Q

prehension

A

grasping of food

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68
Q

mastication

A

breaks food down into smaller pieces and mixes the ingesta with saliva

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69
Q

deglutition

A

moves chewed ingesta into the pharynx and into the esophagus

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70
Q

Urinary system

A

removes wastes from the body by constantly filtering blood

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71
Q

urea

A

major waste product of protein metabolism, it is filtered by the kidney and used in some diagnostic tests to determine the health status of the kidney.

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72
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining a proper amount of water, electrolytes, and acids allows the body to have a stable internal environment.

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73
Q

what does the combining form home/o mean

A

unchanging

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74
Q

what does the combining form urin/o and ur/o mean

A

urine or pertaining to urinary organs

75
Q

retroperitoneally

A

kidneys are located behind the lining of the abdominal cavity or outside the peritoneal cavity

76
Q

what does the combining form ren/o and nephr/o mean

77
Q

Cortex of the kidney

A

outer layer of the kidney

78
Q

What does the combining form Cortic/o

A

outer region, and it describes the outer region of many organs

79
Q

medulla of the kidney

A

inner layer of the kidney

80
Q

What does the combining form medullo/o mean

A

means middle or inner portion

81
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney, consists of the glomerulus Bowman’s capsule

82
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

83
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

Cup shaped structure that contains the glomerulus

84
Q

proximal convoluted tubules

A

hollow tubes located between Bowman’s capsule and loops of Henle that are involved in reabsorption

85
Q

Loop of Henle

A

U shaped turn in the convoluted tubules that is involved in reabsorption has ascending and descending loop

86
Q

Distal convoluted tubules

A

hollow tubes located between the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules that are involved in secretion

87
Q

Collecting tubules

A

hollow tubes that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis

88
Q

what does the combining form glomerul/o mean

A

winding into a ball

89
Q

renal pelvis

A

the area of the kidney where the nephrons collect urine before entering the ureters

90
Q

The combining form for the renal pelvis

91
Q

calyces

A

irregular cuplike spaces that collect urine from the kidney

92
Q

Calyx

A

singular form of calyces

93
Q

hilus

A

serves as the point of attachment of the renal blood vessels, nerves, and ureter

94
Q

ureters

A

a pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

95
Q

what does the combining form ureter/o mean

96
Q

urinary bladder

A

singular hollow muscular organ that holds urine

97
Q

what does the combing form cyst/o mean

A

urinary bladder

98
Q

sphincters

A

ringlike muscles that close a passageway

99
Q

urethra

A

tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

100
Q

what does the combining form urethr/o mean

101
Q

urethral meatus

A

the external opening of the urethra

102
Q

what does the combining form meat/o mean

103
Q

uropoiesis

A

the process of urine production

104
Q

turbid

105
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

106
Q

antidiuretic

A

hormone released by the posterior pituitary glad that suppresses urine formation by reabsorbing more water; abbreviated ADH

107
Q

aldosterone

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance via the reabsorption of sodium

108
Q

Cystocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the urinary bladder; usually to collect urine. Performed with needle and syringe

109
Q

Cystography

A

radiographic study of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via urethral catheter

110
Q

Cystogram

A

the radiographic film of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via catheter

111
Q

Retrograde

A

if the contrast material goes in reverse order of how urine normally flows in the body

112
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a fiberoptic instrument

113
Q

Cystoscope

A

fiberoptic instrument used to access the interior of the urinary bladder

114
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which a dye is injected into a vein to define structures more clearly

115
Q

Pneumocystography

A

radiographic study of the urinary bladder after air has been placed in the bladder via a urethral catheter

116
Q

Radiography

A

imaging of internal structures that is created by exposing specialized film to X-rays

117
Q

Scout film

A

plain X-ray made without the use of contrast material

118
Q

Retrograde pyelogram

A

radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which contrast material is placed directly in the urinary bladder

119
Q

urinalysis

A

examination of urine components

120
Q

albuminaria

A

presence of major blood protein in urine

121
Q

Anuria

A

complete suppression of urine production

122
Q

Bacteriuria

A

presence of bacteria in urine

123
Q

Dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

124
Q

Glucosuria

A

glucose in urine

125
Q

Glycosuria

A

glucose in urine

126
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

127
Q

Ketonuria

A

presence of ketones in urine

128
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

129
Q

oliguria

A

scanty or little urine

130
Q

Pollakiuria

A

frequent urination

131
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

132
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of proteins in urine

133
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

134
Q

stranguria

A

slow or painful urination

135
Q

azotemia

A

presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood

136
Q

calculus

A

abnormal mineral deposit

137
Q

casts

A

fibrous of protein minerals found in the urine with renal disease or another abnormality

138
Q

crystals

A

naturally produced angular solid of definitive form

139
Q

cystalgia

A

urinary bladder pain

140
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

141
Q

cystocele

A

displacement of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall

142
Q

epispadias

A

abnormal condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis

143
Q

feline lower urinary tract disease

A

common disease of cats in which cystitis, urethritis, and crystalluria are found

144
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney involving glomeruli

145
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of the renal pelvis as a result of an obstruction to urine flow

146
Q

hydroureter

A

distention of the ureter with urine caused by any blockage

147
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal condition in which the urethra opens on the ventral surface of the penis

148
Q

inappropriate urination

A

elimination of urine at the wrong time or in the wrong place

149
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control excretory function

150
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

inflammation within the wall of the urinary bladder

151
Q

-lithiasis

A

suffix meaning the presence of stones or calculi

152
Q

nephrectasis

A

distention of the kidneys

153
Q

distention

A

enlargement

154
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys

155
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stones or renal calculus

156
Q

nephromalacia

A

abnormal hardening of the kidney

157
Q

nephrosis

A

abnormal condition of the kidneys

158
Q

prerenal and postrenal

A

before and after the kidney, respectively

159
Q

prolapse

A

downward displacement of a body organ

160
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

161
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

162
Q

renal failure

A

inability of the kidneys to function

163
Q

acute

A

occurring suddenly or over a short period of time

164
Q

chronic

A

having a longer onset

165
Q

nephrotoxin

A

poison having destructive effects on the kidney

166
Q

diuresis

A

elevated excretion of urine

167
Q

renal infarction

A

obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys

168
Q

uremia

A

waste products in the blood

169
Q

ureterectasis

A

distention of the ureter

170
Q

ureterolith

A

stone in the ureter

171
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

172
Q

cystopexy

A

surgical fixation of the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall

173
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

174
Q

cystostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening between the skin and urinary bladder

175
Q

cystotomy

A

surgical incision into the urinary bladder

176
Q

cystotomy

A

surgical incision into the urinary bladder

177
Q

Dialysis

A

procedure to remove blood waste products when the kidneys are no longer functioning

178
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

the removal of blood waste products by fluid exchange through the peritoneal cavity

179
Q

hemodialysis

A

is the removal of blood waste products by filtering blood through a machine

180
Q

lithotripsy

A

destruction of stone using ultrasonic waves traveling through water

181
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of the kidney

182
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a kidney to the abdominal wall

183
Q

nephroplasty

Veterinary Terminology (1 decks)

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