chapters 4-7 Flashcards
why has disease improved since 1900’s
ince 1900’s health status has improved and death rates have declined due to the control of infectious diseases, better hygiene, and improved nutrition and sanitation, resulting in lower death rates caused by diarrhoea. There has also been improvements in the prevention, detection and treatment of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. As well in improvements in road safety, increased vaccinations, education and incomes, and a reduction in smoking, positively impacting death rates.
what is public health
public health is the organise response by society to protect and promote health, and to prevent illness, injury or disability.
what is the old public health
the old public health was concerned with the effect of the physical environment on health and well being. It focused on measures such as providing safe water to drink, sewage facilities and better sanitation, improved nutrition, better housing conditions and safer work conditions. This led to the decrease in infection and respiratory diseases.
what is the biomedical approach
the biomedical model of health is referred to as the ‘quick fix’ approach, focusing on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It involves diagnosing and treating illnesses and conditions once symptoms are present. By focusing on the use of technology, and services provided by doctors, specialists, and hospitals, to cure and diagnose disease.
what is the social model of health
is a conceptual framework within which improvements in health and wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health. The model is based on the understanding that in order for health gains to occur, social, economic, an environmental determinants must be addressed.
what is the social model of healths aim
the social model of health aims to move beyond the biomedical view that focuses on symptoms, disease and patients, and address the factors that lead to ill health, and health inequity within the community.
what are the principles of the social model of health
- addresses the broader determinants of health
- acts to reduce social inequity
- empowers individuals and communities
- acts to enable access to healthcare
- involves inter sectorial collaboration
explain addresses all the determinants of health
Addresses all the determinants of health, including biological, sociocultural, and environmental factors, rather than focusing on the actions or behaviours of individuals. By doing this society is able to share responsibilities for health and promote health.
explain acts to reduce social inequities
acts to reduce inequity in health by promoting equity fr all people including factors such as gender, culture, race, ethnicity, SES, location and physical environment that can influence health
explain empowers individuals and communities
empowering individuals and communities with health knowledge an skills means they can participate in decision making and take control over their health
explain acts to enable access to health care
Improving access to health care services and information should be readily available and based on need, affordability, appropriateness, and accessibility to all.
explain inter sectorial collaboration
Embraces the need for integrated action between government departments, the private sector, and health sector.
what is health promotion
the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
define the Ottawa charter
An approach to health promotion development by the world health organisation that attempts to reduce inequalities in health. It defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.
what are the three strategies of the Ottawa charter
enable
mediate
advocate
explain enable
Support people with the information, opportunities, resources and skills that they need to make choices that support good health.
explain mediate
Health promotion requires coordinated action by all levels of government, the health sector, non-government organisations, industry, and the media.
explain advocate
Health promotions aims to make the necessary political, economic, and social, cultural, environmental, behavioural, and biological factors favourable to support good heath and wellbeing.
what are the action areas of the Ottawa charter
- build healthy public policy
- create supportive environments
- strengthen community action
- develop personal skills
- reorient health services
explain build healthy public policy
relates to the decisions that are made by governments ad organisations in relation to health care policy, legislation, taxation, rules and regulations. Helps to make healthier choices easier and contributes to healthier, safer, cleaner and more enjoyable services and environments.
explain create a supportive environments
involves building links between individuals and their environments through taking care of one another, communities and natural recourses.
explain strengthen community action
requires communities working together to set priorities, make decisions, plan and implement strategies that will help them to achieve better health. Each community will use the recourses it has available to assist.
explain develop personal skills
involves an individual gaining life skills and information though health promotion and education. Enables the individual to make choices that will enhance their health and to take control over their own health
explain reorient health services
involves individuals, communities, health professionals and the government working together. Moving beyond providing biomedical services and placing strong emphasis on health promotion, targeting specific vulnerable groups.
