Chapters 4-6 Flashcards
Which cell structure is not a component of all cells?
Cell Wall
Viruses are not considered living things because:
They are not cells, they cannot reproduce by themselves and they lack metabolism
Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?
Actin Cytoskeleton
The major locomotor structures in bacteria are:
Flagella
Pili are appendages in _____ bacteria that serves as a means of ______
Gram negative; Genetic exchange
An example of a glycocalyx is
A capsule
Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function?
Support
Which of the following is present in both gram positive and gram negative cell walls?
A peptidoglycan
Metachromatic granules are concentrated_____ found in ________
PO4; Corynebacterium
Which of the following Prokaryotes lacks cell walls?
Mycoplasms
The LPS layer in gram negative cell walls releases ____ that cause ______.
Endotoxins; fever
Bacterial endospores functions in _______.
Survival
An arrangement in packets of light cells is described as a _____.
Sarcina
The major difference between a spirochete and a spirillium is the _____________.
the nature of motility
Which phylum contains bacteria with a gram positive cell wall?
Firmicutes
To which taxonomic group do cyanobacteria belong?
Domain Bacteria
Which stain is used to distinguish differences between the cell walls of medically important bacteria
Gram Stain
The first living cells on earth would most likely resemble which of the these?
An Archaeon
A virus is a tiny infectious
particle
Viruses are known to infect
all organisms
The capsid is composed of protein subunits called
capsomers
The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the _____of its host cell
membrane
The nucleic acid of a virus is
either DNA or RNA
The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are:
adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release
A prophage is a/an _____ stage in the cycle of _______
latent; bacterial viruses
The nucleic acid of animal viruses enters the host cell through
fusion and endocytosis
In general, RNA viruses multiply in the cell ______ and DNA viruses multiply in the cell_______.
cytoplasm; nucleus
Enveloped viruses carry surface receptors called
spikes
Viruses that persist in the cell and cause recurrent disease are considered
latent
Viruses cannot be cultivated in
blood agar
Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infections are called
plaques
Which of these is not a general pattern of virus morphology?
complex, helical
Which of these is true f prions?
They cause death of brain cells
Both flagella and cilia are found primarily in
protozoa
Features of the nuclear envelope include
a double membrane structure and pores that allow communication with the cytoplasm
The cell wall is usually found in which eukaryotes?
fungi and algae
What is embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum?
ribosomes
Yeasts are ______ fungi, and molds are _____ fungi.
unicellular; filamentous
In general, fungi derive nutrients through
digesting organic substrates
A hypha divided into compartments by cross walls is called
septate
Algae generally contain some type of
chlorophyll
Which algal group is most closely related to plants?
Chlorophyta
Which characteristic(s) is/are not typical of protozoan cells?
spore
The protozoan trophozoite is the
active feeding stage
All mature sporozoa are
parasitic and nonmotile
Parasitic helminthes reproduce with
eggs and sperm
Mitochondria likely originated from
rickettsias
Human fungal infections involve and affect what areas of the human body?
skin, mucous membranes and lungs
Most heminth infections
spread through major systems in the body
The cause of malaria
Plasmodium
Single celled alga with silica in it’s cell wall
Diatom
Fungal cause of Ohio Valley Fever
Histoplasma
The cause of amebic dysentery
Entamoeba
Genus of black bread mold
Rhizopus
Helminth worm involved in pinworm infection
Enterobius
Motile flagellated alga with an eyespot
Euglenid
A yeast that infects the lungs
Cryptococcus
Flagellated protozoan genus that causes an STD
Trichomonas
Alga that causes red tides
Dinoflagellate
