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Microbiology > Chapters 4-6 > Flashcards

Chapters 4-6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which cell structure is not a component of all cells?

A

Cell Wall

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2
Q

Viruses are not considered living things because:

A

They are not cells, they cannot reproduce by themselves and they lack metabolism

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3
Q

Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?

A

Actin Cytoskeleton

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4
Q

The major locomotor structures in bacteria are:

A

Flagella

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5
Q

Pili are appendages in _____ bacteria that serves as a means of ______

A

Gram negative; Genetic exchange

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6
Q

An example of a glycocalyx is

A

A capsule

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7
Q

Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function?

A

Support

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8
Q

Which of the following is present in both gram positive and gram negative cell walls?

A

A peptidoglycan

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9
Q

Metachromatic granules are concentrated_____ found in ________

A

PO4; Corynebacterium

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10
Q

Which of the following Prokaryotes lacks cell walls?

A

Mycoplasms

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11
Q

The LPS layer in gram negative cell walls releases ____ that cause ______.

A

Endotoxins; fever

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12
Q

Bacterial endospores functions in _______.

A

Survival

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13
Q

An arrangement in packets of light cells is described as a _____.

A

Sarcina

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14
Q

The major difference between a spirochete and a spirillium is the _____________.

A

the nature of motility

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15
Q

Which phylum contains bacteria with a gram positive cell wall?

A

Firmicutes

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16
Q

To which taxonomic group do cyanobacteria belong?

A

Domain Bacteria

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17
Q

Which stain is used to distinguish differences between the cell walls of medically important bacteria

A

Gram Stain

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18
Q

The first living cells on earth would most likely resemble which of the these?

A

An Archaeon

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19
Q

A virus is a tiny infectious

A

particle

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20
Q

Viruses are known to infect

A

all organisms

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21
Q

The capsid is composed of protein subunits called

A

capsomers

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22
Q

The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the _____of its host cell

A

membrane

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23
Q

The nucleic acid of a virus is

A

either DNA or RNA

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24
Q

The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are:

A

adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release

25
Q

A prophage is a/an _____ stage in the cycle of _______

A

latent; bacterial viruses

26
Q

The nucleic acid of animal viruses enters the host cell through

A

fusion and endocytosis

27
Q

In general, RNA viruses multiply in the cell ______ and DNA viruses multiply in the cell_______.

A

cytoplasm; nucleus

28
Q

Enveloped viruses carry surface receptors called

A

spikes

29
Q

Viruses that persist in the cell and cause recurrent disease are considered

A

latent

30
Q

Viruses cannot be cultivated in

A

blood agar

31
Q

Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infections are called

A

plaques

32
Q

Which of these is not a general pattern of virus morphology?

A

complex, helical

33
Q

Which of these is true f prions?

A

They cause death of brain cells

34
Q

Both flagella and cilia are found primarily in

A

protozoa

35
Q

Features of the nuclear envelope include

A

a double membrane structure and pores that allow communication with the cytoplasm

36
Q

The cell wall is usually found in which eukaryotes?

A

fungi and algae

37
Q

What is embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

ribosomes

38
Q

Yeasts are ______ fungi, and molds are _____ fungi.

A

unicellular; filamentous

39
Q

In general, fungi derive nutrients through

A

digesting organic substrates

40
Q

A hypha divided into compartments by cross walls is called

A

septate

41
Q

Algae generally contain some type of

A

chlorophyll

42
Q

Which algal group is most closely related to plants?

A

Chlorophyta

43
Q

Which characteristic(s) is/are not typical of protozoan cells?

A

spore

44
Q

The protozoan trophozoite is the

A

active feeding stage

45
Q

All mature sporozoa are

A

parasitic and nonmotile

46
Q

Parasitic helminthes reproduce with

A

eggs and sperm

47
Q

Mitochondria likely originated from

A

rickettsias

48
Q

Human fungal infections involve and affect what areas of the human body?

A

skin, mucous membranes and lungs

49
Q

Most heminth infections

A

spread through major systems in the body

50
Q

The cause of malaria

A

Plasmodium

51
Q

Single celled alga with silica in it’s cell wall

A

Diatom

52
Q

Fungal cause of Ohio Valley Fever

A

Histoplasma

53
Q

The cause of amebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba

54
Q

Genus of black bread mold

A

Rhizopus

55
Q

Helminth worm involved in pinworm infection

A

Enterobius

56
Q

Motile flagellated alga with an eyespot

A

Euglenid

57
Q

A yeast that infects the lungs

A

Cryptococcus

58
Q

Flagellated protozoan genus that causes an STD

A

Trichomonas

59
Q

Alga that causes red tides

A

Dinoflagellate

Microbiology (2 decks)

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