Chapters 4, 5, 8 Flashcards
What is communication?
The process of exchanging information with others
What are the three steps (simplest form of communication) that take place between two people?
Sending
Receiving
Feedback
What involves the use of words, spoken or written?
Verbal Communication
What is an example of verbal communication?
Oral Reports
What is communicating without using words?
Nonverbal Communication
What is an example of nonverbal communication?
Shrugging shoulders or how a person says something
When speaking to a resident, how should the NA stand?
Facing the resident
What are the 10 Communication Barriers between the NA and the resident?
Resident doesn’t hear (or hear correctly) or understand.
Resident is difficult to understand.
The use of words that are not understood.
NA uses slang or profanity.
NA uses Cliches.
NA responds with “Why?”
NA gives advice.
NA asks questions that only require a yes/no answer.
Residents speaks a different language.
NA or resident uses nonverbal communication.
What is a cliche?
Phrase that are used over and over and don’t really mean anything
What are the 9 ways to help received and send clear, complete messages?
Be a good listener. Provide Feedback. Bring up topics of concern. Let some pauses happen. Tune in to other cultures. Accept a resident's religion or lack thereof. Understand the importance of touch. Ask for more information. Make sure communication aids are clean and in good working order (such as hearing aids, glasses, dentures, etc).
What 9 ways help the NA develop good relationships with residents?
Avoid changing the subject when a resident is talking about something.
Do not ignore a resident’s request.
Do not talk down to an elderly or disabled person.
Sit or stand near the resident who has started the conversation.
Lean forward in chair when resident is talking.
Talk directly to the resident.
Approach the person.
Be empathetic.
Have time for residents’ families and friends too.
What is a fact?
Something definitely true
What is objective information?
Based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells
What is subjective information?
Something a person can’t or didn’t observe, based on what resident reported and may or may not be true.
What is another name for objective information?
Signs
What is another name for subjective information?
Symptoms
What are medical terms often made up of?
Roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
When speaking with residents and their families, NAs should use what?
Simple non-medical terms
Because documentation is so important, it should be recorded when?
Immediately
How do you change regular hours between 1:00pm to 11:59pm to military time?
Add 12
If it is 3:00pm, what time is it in military time?
1500 hours
How do you change military time to regular time?
Subtract 12
If it is 2200 hours, what is that in regular time?
10:00pm
If it is 1100 hours, what time is it in regular time?
11:00am
What is an accident, problem, or unexpected event during the course of care?
Incident
When should incident reports be filed?
A resident falls.
NA or resident breaks or damages something.
NA makes mistake in care
Resident/Family Member makes a request outside of NA scope of practice
Resident/Family member makes sexual advances or remarks
Anything happens that makes NA feel uncomfortable oor threatened
NA gets injured on the job
NA is exposed to blood or body fluids
What are the signs of hearing loss?
Speaking loudly.
Leaning forward when someone is speaking.
Cupping ear to hear better.
Responding inappropriately.
Asking the speaker to repeat themselves.
Speaking in monotone.
Avoiding social gatherings or acting irritable in presence of people who are having a conversation.
Suspecting others of talking about them or speaking softly.
What are the guidelines for dealing with a vision impairment?
Make sure glasses are clean and worn.
If able, leave contact lens care to resident.
Knock on door and identify yourself when you enter room.
Make sure there is proper lighting in room.
Face resident when speaking.
In a new room, orient him to where things are. Avoid “Look, See, and Watch”
Give specific directions (ex. On your left or on your right)
Always tell resident what you’re doing.
Use the face of imaginary clock to guide resident.
Do no change position of items/furniture.
Tell resident where call light is.
Leave doors completely open or closed, never partially.
Walk slightly ahead of resident.
Use large clocks (or ones that chime) and radios. Also large print books and audio books, braille
What is hemiplegia?
Paralysis on one side of the body
What is hemiparesis?
Weakness on one side of the body
What is slurred speech or inability to speak?
Expressive aphasia
What is the inability to understand spoken or written word?
Receptive aphasia
What are signs of a stroke?
Hemiplegia, hemiparesis, expressive and receptive phasia, loss of sensations, loss of bowel/bladder control, confusion, poor judgement, memory loss, loss of cognitive abilities, tendency to ignore one side of body, laughing or crying without reason or when inappropriate, dysphagia.
What is one-side neglect?
Tendency to ignore one side of the body
What is the name for laughing or crying without any reason?
Emotional lability
What is Dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
What are the guildelines for communicating with someone who has had a stroke?
Keep questions and directions simple.
Questions should be able to be answered YES/NO
Agree on signals such as shaking and nodding
Give time to respond.
Use pencil/paper if they can write
Never call the weaker side the bad side.
Keep call signal within reach
Use verbal/nonverbal communication for a positive attitude
Use communication boards
What should a resident’s weaker side be called
Weaker or Involved
What is combative behavior?
Violent or hostile behavior
If a NA encounters a resident in any embarrassing situation, she should what?
Remain professional and not overreact
What is the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease?
Infection prevention
What are the six links in the chain of infection?
- Causative Agent (Pathogen that causes disease)
- Reservoir (where pathogen lives and grows)
- Portal of Exit (where pathogen leaves cut or opening)
- Mode of Transmission (happens in air or direct/indirect contact)
- Portal of Entry (any open on uninfected that allows pathogens to enter)
- Susceptible host (uninfected person who could get sick)
What is Direct Contact?
Touching infected person or secretions
What is Indirect Contact?
Touching something contaminated, such as needle, dressing, or tissue
What are mucous membranes?
Membranes that line the body cavities that open to outside of the body
The elderly are at a _________ risk for infection?
Higher
Why are the elderly at a higher risk for infection?
Weakened immune system, malnutrition, limited mobility
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What does CDC stand for?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
What does isolate mean?
Something seperate
What are Standard Precautions?
Treating blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes like they are infected
True or False: Sweat isn’t considered a body fluid that is part of Standard Precautions?
True
What is the most effective measure in preventing the spread of disease?
Hand washing
When should gloves be worn?
Any time the caregiver might come into contact with blood, body fluid, open wounds, or mucous membranes.
What is the order a NA should don PPE? (5 Steps)
- Wash Hands
- Put on Gown
- Put on mask.
- Put on goggles/face shield.
- Put on Gloves.
When cleaning up spills, you should….?
Put on gloves before starting. Sometimes industrial strength gloves are best.
What should be used in addition to Standard Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions
What is the most common way to be infected with bloodborn illness?
Contact with infected blood and body fluids
How is TB transmitted?
Mucous droplets released when talking, coughing, breathing, singing, laughing, or sneezing
Someone with this carries TB but does not show symptoms of infect others?
Latent TB Infection
How can latent TB infections progress to TB disease?
Bacteria becomes active and multiplies
What is an antibiotic resistant infection often acquired in healthcare facilities?
MRSA
How is MRSA spread?
Almost always by direct physical contact with infected people
What is the single most important measure to control the spread of MRSA?
Hand washing using soap and warm water
How can employees prevent infection?
Follow Standard Precautions Follow polices and procedures Use PPE Free Hep B vaccines Report exposure to infection Annual education programs
How should employers prevent infection?
Establish procedures and exposure control plan Provide in-service education Written Procedures if exposure happens Provide PPE Provide Hep B vaccine for free
What are 6 physical needs?
Food & Water Protection & Shelter Activity Sleep/Rest Safety Comfort
What are 6 psychosocial needs?
Love/Affection Acceptance Security Self Reliance Contact with other people Success & Self Esteem
How is Mode of Transmission link broken?
Wearing Gloves
How is the Susceptible Host link broken?
Getting Vaccinated
What are the four Portals of Exit?
Respiratory Tract
GI Tract
Skin
Genitals/Urinary Tract
What are the six Portals of Entry?
Respiratory Tract GI Tract Breaks in Skin Genitals Urinary Tract Placenta (Mother to Baby)
What is AIIR
Airborn infection isolation room
What kind of disease is mumps?
Droplet
What kind of disease is TB?
Airborn
