Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

sociology chapters 3-5 > chapters 3-5 > Flashcards

chapters 3-5 Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is culture

A

cultures, practices, beliefs that people share, “norms”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is high culture

A

experiences/ attitudes that exist in the elite of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is low culture

A

material and non-material cultural aspects that have mass appeal and are accessible to all members of a society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is popular culture

A

the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody the most broadly shared meanings of a social system
ex: social trends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is society

A

large interacting social group in a defined territory that share a common cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are culture universals

A

concepts or patterns of behavior that are common to All human cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is ethnocentrism

A

when one person thinks that another persons culture is incorrect or not ideal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is xenocentrism

A

when one wants to engage in other cultures besides their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is culture shock

A

the process of adapting to a new culture
Ex: being in an unfamiliar place with family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is culture relativism

A

not judging another culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is innovation

A

implantation of new solutions that aim to improve welfare and wellbeing of people/ communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is discovery

A

a formerly unknown idea/ object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is invention

A

a new combo of existing cultural elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is diffusion

A

social process in which elements of culture spread from one society/ social group to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is globalization

A

the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is material culture

A

the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture
ex: homes, churches, statues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is non-material culture

A

non-physical ideas/ beliefs about ones culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is culture lag

A

The difference between material culture and non-material culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are subcultures

A

social groups organized around shared interests and practices.
ex: hippies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is argot

A

A characteristic and specialized language used by a group, particularly a subculture
ex: street names for drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are counter-cultures

A

a cultural group or subculture whose values and norms of behavior run counter to those of the region’s social mainstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is language

A

A symbolic means of communicating through gestures, sounds, or written words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are symbols

A

gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are norms

Study These Flashcards
A

unwritten rules in society that define what is acceptable/unacceptable

25
what are mores
A set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices
26
what are folkways
social conventions that are not considered to be of moral significance by members of the group
27
what are sanctions
reactions of a social group representing approval or disapproval ex: shame, ridicule, embarrassment
28
what are values
intangible qualities or beliefs accepted and endorsed by a given society.
29
what is socialization
a process that introduces people to social norms and customs and helps individuals find where they belong
30
what is personality
individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving
31
what is self
The self is the individual person, from his or her own perspective.
32
Charles Horton Cooley’s Looking-glass self
individuals develop their concept of self by observing how they are perceived by others,
33
George Herbert Mead's Stages of the Self: 1(p)
prepatory stage: a phase in which children copy or imitate the behaviors of others as a way of learning
34
George Herbert Mead's Stages of the Self: 2(p)
play time: the phase in which children start to take on and act out roles during their playtime
35
George Herbert Mead's Stages of the Self:3(g)
game stage: During this stage, people learn to follow rules and how to take on social roles through their experiences in organized games involving other players, children develop self-awareness
36
what is impression management
the process through which people try to control the impressions other people form of them
37
what is facework
a set of strategic behaviors by which people attempt to maintain both their own dignity (“face”) and that of the people with whom they are dealing.
38
what are agents of socialization
a combination of social groups and social institutions that provide the first experiences of socialization ex: religion, family, work
39
what is anticipatory socialization
The process of preparing for future roles and statuses by learning and adopting new behaviors, norms, skills, and values.
40
what is reverse socialization
the younger generation transfers knowledge to the older generation ex: kids teaching parents how to use computers
41
what is resocialization
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in the process
42
what is total institutions
regulates all aspects of a person's life under a single authority.
43
what is degradation ceremony
the process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identities and are given new ones
44
what is rites of passage
a ritual marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another Ex: high school graduate to college student
45
what is social interaction
Refers to the way in which people respond to one another
46
what is social structure
way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships
47
what is mechanical solidarity
a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture Ex: religious groups
48
what is Organic solidarity
Organic solidarity - a type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences Ex: healthcare workers
49
what is Gemeinschaft
Gemeinschaft - small community in which people have similar backgrounds and life experiences Ex: sports teams
50
what is Gesellschaft
large community in which people are strangers and feel little in common with other community residents Ex: modern day businesses, the workers may not really care about the product or getting involved with one another but they all work for money
51
first element of social culture
statuses: Any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society
52
what is ascribed status
The status outside of an individuals control Ex: sex, race
53
what is achieved status
A social position which comes largely through one own self efforts
54
what is master status
A position that determines other statues and thereby determines a person's general position within society
55
second element in social culture
Roles - A set of expectations for people who occupy a given status
56
what is role conflict
A situation when one or more of an individuals roles clash Ex: being a student athlete (handling sports/edu)
57
what is role strain
Stress that occurs when too much is required of a single status
58
what is role exit
Process of disengaging from a role central to one's self-identity

sociology chapters 3-5 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions