Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

sociology chapters 3-5 > chapters 3-5 > Flashcards

chapters 3-5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is culture

A

cultures, practices, beliefs that people share, “norms”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is high culture

A

experiences/ attitudes that exist in the elite of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is low culture

A

material and non-material cultural aspects that have mass appeal and are accessible to all members of a society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is popular culture

A

the set of practices, beliefs, and objects that embody the most broadly shared meanings of a social system
ex: social trends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is society

A

large interacting social group in a defined territory that share a common cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are culture universals

A

concepts or patterns of behavior that are common to All human cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is ethnocentrism

A

when one person thinks that another persons culture is incorrect or not ideal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is xenocentrism

A

when one wants to engage in other cultures besides their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is culture shock

A

the process of adapting to a new culture
Ex: being in an unfamiliar place with family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is culture relativism

A

not judging another culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is innovation

A

implantation of new solutions that aim to improve welfare and wellbeing of people/ communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is discovery

A

a formerly unknown idea/ object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is invention

A

a new combo of existing cultural elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is diffusion

A

social process in which elements of culture spread from one society/ social group to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is globalization

A

the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is material culture

A

the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture
ex: homes, churches, statues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is non-material culture

A

non-physical ideas/ beliefs about ones culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is culture lag

A

The difference between material culture and non-material culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are subcultures

A

social groups organized around shared interests and practices.
ex: hippies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is argot

A

A characteristic and specialized language used by a group, particularly a subculture
ex: street names for drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are counter-cultures

A

a cultural group or subculture whose values and norms of behavior run counter to those of the region’s social mainstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is language

A

A symbolic means of communicating through gestures, sounds, or written words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are symbols

A

gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are norms

A

unwritten rules in society that define what is acceptable/unacceptable

25
Q

what are mores

A

A set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices

26
Q

what are folkways

A

social conventions that are not considered to be of moral significance by members of the group

27
Q

what are sanctions

A

reactions of a social group representing approval or disapproval
ex: shame, ridicule, embarrassment

28
Q

what are values

A

intangible qualities or beliefs accepted and endorsed by a given society.

29
Q

what is socialization

A

a process that introduces people to social norms and customs and helps individuals find where they belong

30
Q

what is personality

A

individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving

31
Q

what is self

A

The self is the individual person, from his or her own perspective.

32
Q

Charles Horton Cooley’s Looking-glass self

A

individuals develop their concept of self by observing how they are perceived by others,

33
Q

George Herbert Mead’s Stages of the Self: 1(p)

A

prepatory stage: a phase in which children copy or imitate the behaviors of others as a way of learning

34
Q

George Herbert Mead’s Stages of the Self: 2(p)

A

play time: the phase in which children start to take on and act out roles during their playtime

35
Q

George Herbert Mead’s Stages of the Self:3(g)

A

game stage: During this stage, people learn to follow rules and how to take on social roles through their experiences in organized games involving other players, children develop self-awareness

36
Q

what is impression management

A

the process through which people try to control the impressions other people form of them

37
Q

what is facework

A

a set of strategic behaviors by which people attempt to maintain both their own dignity (“face”) and that of the people with whom they are dealing.

38
Q

what are agents of socialization

A

a combination of social groups and social institutions that provide the first experiences of socialization
ex: religion, family, work

39
Q

what is anticipatory socialization

A

The process of preparing for future roles and statuses by learning and adopting new behaviors, norms, skills, and values.

40
Q

what is reverse socialization

A

the younger generation transfers knowledge to the older generation
ex: kids teaching parents how to use computers

41
Q

what is resocialization

A

the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in the process

42
Q

what is total institutions

A

regulates all aspects of a person’s life under a single authority.

43
Q

what is degradation ceremony

A

the process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identities and are given new ones

44
Q

what is rites of passage

A

a ritual marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another
Ex: high school graduate to college student

45
Q

what is social interaction

A

Refers to the way in which people respond to one another

46
Q

what is social structure

A

way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships

47
Q

what is mechanical solidarity

A

a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture
Ex: religious groups

48
Q

what is Organic solidarity

A

Organic solidarity -
a type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences
Ex: healthcare workers

49
Q

what is Gemeinschaft

A

Gemeinschaft -
small community in which people have similar backgrounds and life experiences
Ex: sports teams

50
Q

what is Gesellschaft

A

large community in which people are strangers and feel little in common with other community residents
Ex: modern day businesses, the workers may not really care about the product or getting involved with one another but they all work for money

51
Q

first element of social culture

A

statuses: Any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society

52
Q

what is ascribed status

A

The status outside of an individuals control
Ex: sex, race

53
Q

what is achieved status

A

A social position which comes largely through one own self efforts

54
Q

what is master status

A

A position that determines other statues and thereby determines a person’s general position within society

55
Q

second element in social culture

A

Roles -
A set of expectations for people who occupy a given status

56
Q

what is role conflict

A

A situation when one or more of an individuals roles clash
Ex: being a student athlete (handling sports/edu)

57
Q

what is role strain

A

Stress that occurs when too much is required of a single status

58
Q

what is role exit

A

Process of disengaging from a role central to one’s self-identity

sociology chapters 3-5 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions