Chapters 3-4

Question 1

The message receiver restates what’s been said to fully understand and confirm the message and it provides an opportunity for the sender to clarify the message if needed.

Answer 1

active listening

Question 2

Begins with problem definition. Problem definition is the ability to discern between the cause and effect of the problem. Root-cause analysis looks beyond the immediate symptoms to the cause of the symptoms—which then affords opportunities for solutions.

Answer 2

active problem solving

Question 3

The project manager refuses to act, get involved, or make decisions.

Answer 3

avoiding power

Question 4

The leader is motivating, has high-energy, and inspires the team through strong convictions about what’s possible and what the team can achieve. Positive thinking and a can-do mentality are characteristics of this type of leadership..

Answer 4

charismatic leadership

Question 5

The project manager has deep skills and experience in a discipline (for example, years of working in IT helps an IT project manager better manage IT projects).

Answer 5

expert power

Question 6

The project manager aims to gain favor with the project team and stakeholders through flattery.

Answer 6

ingratiating power

Question 7

The individual has power and control of the data gathering and distribution of information.

Answer 7

informational power

Question 8

The leader is a hybrid of transactional, transformational, and charismatic leaders. The _____ wants the team to act, is excited and inspired about the project work, yet still holds the team accountable for their results.

Answer 8

interactional leader

Question 9

The project manager can make the team and stakeholders feel guilty to gain compliance in the project.

Answer 9

guilt-based power

Question 10

____ is about aligning, motivating, and inspiring the project team members to do the right thing, build trust, think creatively, and to challenge the status quo.

Answer 10

leadership

Question 11

The leader takes a “hands-off” approach to the project. This means the project team makes decisions, takes initiative in the actions, and creates goals. While this approach can provide autonomy, it can make the leader appear absent when it comes to project decisions.

Answer 11

laissez-faire leadership

Question 12

____ utilizes positional power to maintain, administrate, control, and focus on getting things done without challenging the status quo of the project and organization.

Answer 12

management

Question 13

Based on the audience and the message being sent, the media should be in alignment with the message.

Answer 13

media selection

Question 14

Meetings are forms of communication. How the meeting is led, managed, and controlled all influence the message being delivered. Agendas, minutes, and order are mandatory for effective communications within a meeting.

Answer 14

meeting management

Question 15

The project manager has a warm personality that others like.

Answer 15

personal and charismatic power

Question 16

In formal presentations, the presenter’s oral and body language, visual aids, and handouts all influence the message being delivered.

Answer 16

presentation

Question 17

The project manager can restrict choices to get the project team to perform and do the project work.

Answer 17

pressure-based power

Question 18

Defines three areas of PDUs for PMI certified professionals to maintain their certification. The _____ includes technical project management, leadership, and strategic and business management

Answer 18

PMI Talent Triangle

Question 19

The project manager’s power is because of the position she has as the project manager. This is also known as formal, authoritative, and legitimate power.

Answer 19

positional power

Question 20

___ are earned after the PMP to maintain the PMP certification. PMPs are required to earn 60 PDUs per three-year certification cycle. Of the 60 PDUs, a minimum of 35 hours must come from educational opportunities.

Answer 20

Professional Development Units (PDUs)

Question 21

The role of leading the project team and managing the project resources to effectively achieve the objectives of the project.

Answer 21

project manager

Question 22

The project manager can punish the project team.

Answer 22

punitive or coercive power

Question 23

The project manager is respected or admired because of the team’s past experiences with the project manager. This is about the project manager’s credibility in the organization

Answer 23

referent power

Question 24

The project manager can reward the project team.

Answer 24

reward power

Question 25

Communication requires a sender and a receiver. Within this model may be multiple avenues to complete the flow of communication, but barriers to effective communication may be present as well.

Answer 25

sender-receiver models

Question 26

The leader puts others first and focuses on the needs of the people he serves. These leaders provide opportunity for growth, education, autonomy within the project, and the well-being of others. The primary focus of ___ is service to others.

Answer 26

servant leadership

Question 27

The project manager has power because of certain situations in the organization.

Answer 27

situational power

Question 28

The tone, structure, and formality of the message being sent should be in alignment with the audience and the content of the message.

Answer 28

style

Question 29

The leader emphasizes the goals of the project and rewards and disincentives for the project team. This is sometimes called management by exception as it’s the exception that is rewarded or punished.

Answer 29

transactional leadership

Question 30

The leader inspires and motivates the project team to achieve the project goals. These leaders aim to empower the project team to act, be innovative in the project work, and accomplish through ambition.

Answer 30

transformational leadership

Question 31

An assumption is something that is believed to be true or false, but it has not yet been proven to be true or false. Assumptions that prove wrong can become risks for the project. All identified project assumptions are recorded in the ___ for testing and analysis, and the outcomes are recorded.

Answer 31

assumption log

Question 32

This is an example of a benefits comparison model. It examines the benefit-to-cost ratio

Answer 32

benefits/cost ratio (BCR) models

Question 33

A committee that evaluates the worthiness of a proposed change and either approves or rejects the proposed change.

Answer 33

change control board (CCB)

Question 34

The ___ communicates the process for controlling changes to the project deliverables. This __ works with the configuration management system and seeks to control and document proposals to change the project’s product.

Answer 34

change control system (CCS)

Question 35

All changes that enter into a project are recorded in here. The characteristics of the change, such as the time, cost, risk, and scope details, are also recorded.

Answer 35

change log

Question 36

This plan details the project procedures for entertaining change requests: how change requests are managed, documented, approved, or declined.

Answer 36

change management plan

Question 37

This final process group of the project management life cycle is responsible for closing the project phase or project. This is where project documentation is archived and project contracts are also closed.

Answer 37

closure processes

Question 38

This plan defines who will get what information, how they will receive it, and in what modality the communication will take place.

Answer 38

communications management plan

Question 39

This includes the labeling of the components, how changes are made to the product, and the accountability of the changes.

Answer 39

configuration identification

Question 40

This plan is an input to the control scope process. It defines how changes to the features and functions of the project deliverable, the product scope, may enter the project.

Answer 40

configuration management plan

Question 41

This system defines how stakeholders are allowed to submit change requests, the conditions for approving a change request, and how approved change requests are validated in the project scope. Also documents the characteristics and functions of the project’s products and any changes to a product’s characteristics.

Answer 41

configuration management system

Question 42

The organization of the product materials, details, and prior product documentation.

Answer 42

configuration status accounting

Question 43

The scope verification and completeness auditing of project or phase deliverables to ensure that they are in alignment with the project plan.

Answer 43

configuration verification and auditing

Question 44

The formal verification of the contract completeness by the vendor and the performing organization.

Answer 44

contract closure

Question 45

This is the aggregated costs of all of the work packages within the work breakdown structure (WBS).

Answer 45

cost baseline

Question 46

This plan details how the project costs will be planned for, estimated, budgeted, and then monitored and controlled.

Answer 46

cost management plan

Question 47

Knowledge that can be quickly and easily expressed through conversations, documentation, figures, or numbers, is easily communicated.

Answer 47

explicit knowledge

Question 48

A benefit comparison model to determine a future value of money. The formula to calculate future value is FV = PV(1 + I)n, where PV is present value, I is the given interest rate, and n is the number of periods.

Answer 48

future value

Question 49

A process to consider and control the impact of a proposed change on the project’s knowledge areas.

Answer 49

integrated change control

Question 50

Issues are points of contention where some question of the project’s direction needs to be resolved. All identified issues are documented in the ___, along with an issue owner and a deadline to resolve the issue. The outcome of the issue is also recorded.

Answer 50

issue log

Question 51

A project selection method to determine the likelihood of success. These models include linear programming, nonlinear programming, dynamic programming, integer programming, and multiobjective programming.

Answer 51

mathematical model

Question 52

___ are significant points or events in the project’s progress that represent accomplishment in the project. Projects usually create ___ as the result of completing phases within the project.

Answer 52

milestones

Question 53

This list details the project milestones and their attributes. It is used for several areas of project planning, but also helps determine how quickly the project may be achieving its objectives.

Answer 53

milestone list

Question 54

These are committees that ask every conceivable negative question about the proposed project. Their goals are to expose the project’s strengths and weaknesses, and to kill the project if it’s deemed unworthy for the organization to commit to. Also known as project steering committees or project selection committees.

Answer 54

murder boards

Question 55

Evaluates the monies returned on a project for each period the project lasts.

Answer 55

net present value

Question 56

An estimate to predict how long it will take a project to pay back an organization for the project’s investment of capital.

Answer 56

payback period

Question 57

A benefit comparison model to determine the present value of a future amount of money. The formula to calculate present value is PV = FV ÷ (1 + i)n, where FV is future value, I is the given interest rate, and n is the number of periods.

Answer 57

present value

Question 58

The ___ controls how the project will acquire goods and services

Answer 58

procurement management plan

Question 59

This document authorizes the project. It defines the initial requirements of the project stakeholders. The project charter is endorsed by an entity outside of the project boundaries.

Answer 59

project charter

Question 60

The documented approach of how a project will be planned, executed, monitored and controlled, and then closed. This document is a collection of subsidiary management plans and related documents.

Answer 60

project management plan

Question 61

Defines how the project scope will be planned, managed, and controlled.

Answer 61

project scope management plan

Question 62

Documents the quality objectives for the project, including the metrics for stakeholder acceptance of the project deliverable.

Answer 62

quality baseline

Question 63

This plan defines what quality means for the project, how the project will achieve quality, and how the project will map to organizational procedures pertaining to quality.

Answer 63

quality management plan

Question 64

A mathematical model to examine the relationship among project variables, like cost, time, labor, and other project metrics.

Answer 64

regression analysis

Question 65

Risk is an uncertain event or condition that may affect the project outcome. The ___ defines how the project will manage risk.

Answer 65

risk management plan

Question 66

A centralized database consisting of the outcome of all the other risk management processes, such as the outcome of risk identification, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis.

Answer 66

risk register

Question 67

This subsidiary plan defines the risk responses that are to be used in the project for both positive and negative risks.

Answer 67

risk response plan

Question 68

This is the planned start and finish of the project. The comparison of what was planned and what was experienced is the schedule variance.

Answer 68

schedule baseline

Question 69

Defines how the project schedule will be created and managed.

Answer 69

schedule management plan

Question 70

The ___ is a combination of three project documents: the project scope statement, the work breakdown structure, and the WBS dictionary. The creation of the project deliverable will be measured against the scope baseline to show any variances from what was expected and what the project team has created.

Answer 70

scope baseline

Question 71

These models use a common set of values for all of the projects up for selection. For example, values can be profitability, complexity, customer demand, and so on.

Answer 71

scoring models

Question 72

Knowledge that’s more difficult to express because it’s personal beliefs, values, knowledge gain from experience, and “know-how” when doing a task.

Answer 72

tacit knowledge