Chapters 3 & 4

Question 1

War

Answer 1

An event involving the
organized use of military force by at
least two parties that satisfy some of
the minimum threshold of severity.

Question 2

Interstate War

Answer 2

A war in which the

main participants are states.

Question 3

Civil War

Answer 3

A war in which the main
participants are within the same
state, such as the government and a
rebel group.

Question 4

What do States Fight Over?

Answer 4

1. Territory
2. Wealth
3. Resources
4. Strategic Importance
5. Policies
6. National policy
7. Regime type
8. Ethnic or
   religious
   divisions

Question 5

Crisis Bargaining

Answer 5

A bargaining interaction in which at least one actor
threatens to use force in the even that
its demands are not met.

Question 6

Coercive Diplomacy

Answer 6

The use of threats to influence the outcome of a

bargaining interaction.

Question 7

Bargaining Range

Answer 7

The set of deals that both parties in a bargaining
interaction prefer to the reversion
outcome.

Question 8

Types of Coercive Bargaining

Answer 8

Compellence

Deterrence

Question 9

Compellence

Answer 9

An effort to change the status quo through the threat of force.

Question 10

Deterrence

Answer 10

An effort to preserve the status quo through the threat of force.

Question 11

2 Types of Bargaining Mistakes

Answer 11

• Yielding too little

* Asking too much

Question 12

Incomplete Information

Answer 12

A situation in which parties in a strategic interaction lack information about other parties’ interests and/or capabilities

Question 13

2 Types of Unknowns

Answer 13

Capabilities and Resolve

Question 14

Capabilities

Answer 14

The state’s physical ability to prevail in war



Question 15

Resolve

Answer 15

The willingness of an actor to endure costs in order to acquire some good.

Question 16

Risk-Return Trade-Off

Answer 16

In crisis bargaining, the trade-off between trying to get a better deal and trying to avoid war

Question 17

Credibility

Answer 17

A credible threat is a threat that the recipient believes will be carried out. A credible commitment is a commitment or promise that the recipient believes will be honored.


Question 18

Brinkmanship

Answer 18

A strategy in which adversaries take actions that increase the risk of accidental war, with the hope that the other will “blink,” or lose its nerve, first and make concessions

Question 19

Audience Costs

Answer 19

Negative repercussions for failing to follow through on a threat or to honor a commitment

Question 20

Commitment Problem

Answer 20

The difficulty that states can have making credible promises not to use force to revise a settlement at a later date

Question 21

Preventative War

Answer 21

A war fought with the intention of preventing an adversary from becoming stronger in the future. Preventative wars arise because states whose power is increasing cannot commit not to exploit that power in future bargaining interactions

Question 22

First-Strike Advantage

Answer 22

The situation that arises when military technology, military strategies, and/or geography give a significant advantage to whichever state attacks first in a war.


Question 23

Preemptive war

Answer 23

A war fought with the anticipation that an attack from the other side in imminent

Question 24

Indivisible Good

Answer 24

A good that cannot be divide without diminishing its value

Question 25

General/National interests

Answer 25

An interest that most or all within a

country share

Question 26

Particularistic Interests

Answer 26

An interest that is shared by a relatively

small number of actors within the country

Question 27

Bureaucracy

Answer 27

The collection of
organizations- including the military,
the diplomatic corps, and the
intelligence agencies – that carry out
most tasks of governance within the
state.

Question 28

Interest Groups

Answer 28

Groups of
individuals with common interests
that organize to influence public
policy in a manner that benefits their
members.

Question 29

Rally Effect

Answer 29

The tendency for people
to become more supportive of their
country’s government in response to
dramatic international events, such
as crises or wars.

Question 30

Diversionary Incentive

Answer 30

The incentive
that state leaders have to start
international crises in order to rally
public support at home.

Question 31

Military-Industrial Complex

Answer 31

An alliance between military leaders and
the industries that benefit from
international conflict, such as arms
manufacturers.